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Carbon emission from the thermal power generation sector is one of the main contributors to global warming. It is critical to objectively evaluate the influence of relevant factors on carbon emissions, which may be beneficial for the implementation of policies and the formulation of development plans. However, the current decomposition approach based on production-theoretical decomposition analysis (PDA) and weak disposability may cause deviation on potential emission reduction. This paper proposes a modified PDA model under the assumption of semi-disposability and decomposes the carbon emission changes of China's thermal power generation sector accordingly. The results show that provinces, which have the highest non-disposal degrees during the study period, are mostly located along the east coast of China. The growth in installed capacity is identified as the largest contributor to the increase in national carbon emissions, while the decrease in capacity utilization rate significantly benefits the carbon emission reduction. A cluster analysis is also conducted to give policy implications for provinces with similar characteristics. Compared with traditional methods under strong and weak disposability assumption, the proposed model shows great advantages in identifying the potential emission reduction and reflecting the real production process, which makes it more suitable for decomposing the changes of carbon emissions and other environmental pollutants.
Bai-Chen Xie; Xin-Yun Tan; Shuang Zhang; Hui Wang. Decomposing CO2 emission changes in thermal power sector: A modified production-theoretical approach. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 281, 111887 .
AMA StyleBai-Chen Xie, Xin-Yun Tan, Shuang Zhang, Hui Wang. Decomposing CO2 emission changes in thermal power sector: A modified production-theoretical approach. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 281 ():111887.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai-Chen Xie; Xin-Yun Tan; Shuang Zhang; Hui Wang. 2021. "Decomposing CO2 emission changes in thermal power sector: A modified production-theoretical approach." Journal of Environmental Management 281, no. : 111887.
The power sector is one of the pillar industries of China's national economy, and it is also a capital and technology intensive industry. In 2003 China's vertically integrated power utility, the State Power Corporation (SPC), was unbundled and separated into quite many companies, including two grid firms, in an effort to increase competition and improve efficiency of the power industry. Grid firms are important public utilities as they are responsible for improving the reliability of the power supply and ensuring that all the residents have access to electricity. Using a balanced panel of 30 provincial power grid firms for the period 1999–2016, this study applies a distance function based panel data stochastic frontier analysis approach to study the impact of the unbundling reform on the service efficiency of the grid sector where factors affecting the inefficiency term are classified into four groups. The results indicate that introducing a capital variable into the analysis had a significant impact on the estimated efficiencies; In addition, the unbundling reform of the separation of power plants from the grid that was implemented in 2003 has not improved the service quality of the power grid firms; Both the customer hours lost and the maximum temperature difference had a negative impact on the service efficiency; At the same time, significant differences in service efficiency were found among the provinces and regions.
Bai-Chen Xie; Zhen-Jiang Zhang; Karim L. Anaya. Has the unbundling reform improved the service efficiency of China's power grid firms? Energy Economics 2020, 95, 104993 .
AMA StyleBai-Chen Xie, Zhen-Jiang Zhang, Karim L. Anaya. Has the unbundling reform improved the service efficiency of China's power grid firms? Energy Economics. 2020; 95 ():104993.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai-Chen Xie; Zhen-Jiang Zhang; Karim L. Anaya. 2020. "Has the unbundling reform improved the service efficiency of China's power grid firms?" Energy Economics 95, no. : 104993.
Inter-regional transmission has always been taken as an important measure to better the power mix in China, however, not all the people think it effective in boosting the development of clean power because quite many intensively invested transmission lines are not fully occupied. To objectively evaluate the impacts of the introduction of inter-regional transmission lines, especially the ultra-high voltage (UHV) grid, may clarify the disputes and benefit China’s electricity policy reform. This work simulates an equilibrium model of China’s electricity market through the mixed complementarity problems (MCP) method, to investigate the impacts of the construction of the UHV transmission lines on the deployment of clean power and reduction of carbon emissions under different scenarios. The results indicate that the introduction of the UHV grid has increased the competition in both power generation and consumption sides, but it has limited contribution to mitigate the curtailment of clean power and carbon emissions, and there may exist the hysteresis effect of the UHV grid. We propose the following suggestions to better the development of China’s power system. (1) With regard to electricity market coupling, it is more appropriate to firstly connect the regional market in the central and eastern China. (2) Promoting the installed capacity of clean power in a short-run is a necessary auxiliary method to effectively reduce the carbon emissions.
Xu Tan; Sheng Lin; Yan-Li Liu; Bai-Chen Xie. Has the inter-regional transmission grid promoted clean power development? A quantitative assessment on China’s electricity sector. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 269, 122370 .
AMA StyleXu Tan, Sheng Lin, Yan-Li Liu, Bai-Chen Xie. Has the inter-regional transmission grid promoted clean power development? A quantitative assessment on China’s electricity sector. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 269 ():122370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu Tan; Sheng Lin; Yan-Li Liu; Bai-Chen Xie. 2020. "Has the inter-regional transmission grid promoted clean power development? A quantitative assessment on China’s electricity sector." Journal of Cleaner Production 269, no. : 122370.
To promote the development of the electricity trading market, China launched a new round of power system reform in 2015. Considering environmental and service factors, this study adopts a dynamic data envelopment analysis model with a network structure based on a slacks-based measure approach to evaluate the performance of the power system and its divisions in the 30 provincial-level administrative regions from 2011 to 2016. To better reflect the practical situation of the power system, we develop an improved network model which includes both free link and fixed link variables at the same time. This study further employs scenario analysis to investigate the effect of the unbundling reform on the power system and its divisions. It reaches the following conclusions: First, inter-regional transmission and environmental factors should be taken into account in evaluating the productive efficiency of the power system. Second, the separation of distribution from transmission has a positive impact on productive efficiency, and the effects of the unbundling reform on the power system differ significantly among divisions. Third, the introduction of an incomplete electricity trading market has a negative impact on the dynamic productive efficiency of the power system compared with the scenario without market reform, while complete market-oriented reform can improve dynamic productive efficiency and narrow the gap between regions. Nevertheless, a complete market reform has less influence on the efficiency than the changing power supply and demand situation caused by economic development.
Zhen-Yu She; Gang Meng; Bai-Chen Xie; Eoghan O'neill. The effectiveness of the unbundling reform in China’s power system from a dynamic efficiency perspective. Applied Energy 2020, 264, 114717 .
AMA StyleZhen-Yu She, Gang Meng, Bai-Chen Xie, Eoghan O'neill. The effectiveness of the unbundling reform in China’s power system from a dynamic efficiency perspective. Applied Energy. 2020; 264 ():114717.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhen-Yu She; Gang Meng; Bai-Chen Xie; Eoghan O'neill. 2020. "The effectiveness of the unbundling reform in China’s power system from a dynamic efficiency perspective." Applied Energy 264, no. : 114717.
In recent years, China's solar photovoltaic (PV) power has developed rapidly and has been given priority in the national energy strategy. This study constructs an energy-economy-environment integrated model by way of a dynamic programming approach to explore China's solar PV power optimal development path during the period 2018–2050 from the perspective of minimum cost. This study has considered the role of technological progress in studying the development and cost changes of solar PV power, and it also takes into account the restraints of potential affecting factors such as the resource potential, GDP growth, emission regulation schemes, and grid absorptive capacity. After combining the results of the sensitivity analyses and scenario analyses, we reach the following conclusions. (1) The learning effect of technological progress is stronger than most studies, and technological progress plays an important role in cost reduction. (2) The factors concerning the construction costs, such as the GDP growth rate and investment ratio, have only a limited impact on solar PV power development, but the learning rate, grid absorptive capacity, and carbon permit price are critical factors affecting the development path in the later period. (3) In the optimistic scenario, the goal is easy to achieve, but under the pessimistic scenario, although the goal can be achieved, it slightly difficult to do so.
Mei Xu; Pu Xie; Bai-Chen Xie. Study of China's optimal solar photovoltaic power development path to 2050. Resources Policy 2019, 65, 101541 .
AMA StyleMei Xu, Pu Xie, Bai-Chen Xie. Study of China's optimal solar photovoltaic power development path to 2050. Resources Policy. 2019; 65 ():101541.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMei Xu; Pu Xie; Bai-Chen Xie. 2019. "Study of China's optimal solar photovoltaic power development path to 2050." Resources Policy 65, no. : 101541.
Xiao-Yan Liu; Michael G. Pollitt; Bai-Chen Xie; Li-Qiu Liu. Does environmental heterogeneity affect the productive efficiency of grid utilities in China? Energy Economics 2019, 83, 333 -344.
AMA StyleXiao-Yan Liu, Michael G. Pollitt, Bai-Chen Xie, Li-Qiu Liu. Does environmental heterogeneity affect the productive efficiency of grid utilities in China? Energy Economics. 2019; 83 ():333-344.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao-Yan Liu; Michael G. Pollitt; Bai-Chen Xie; Li-Qiu Liu. 2019. "Does environmental heterogeneity affect the productive efficiency of grid utilities in China?" Energy Economics 83, no. : 333-344.
Production cost has always been a critical factor affecting the development of clean energy. It is a relatively complex issue if there needs to be a policy adjustment as it is highly correlated with the economic development and financial situation of the government, as well as customer willingness to pay (WTP) for clean energy. This study investigated whether residents in Tianjin were willing to pay for clean energy by using the theoretical framework of the double-bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) method. It constructs a maximum likelihood estimation function model, which can then be used to calculate the WTP and identify the factors affecting it using the logit model. Furthermore, we compared the model results with a previous study based on the open ended (OE) method. This current survey collected a sample of 682 respondents, 474 of which were willing to pay for clean energy. The average WTP was 11.51$/month, which was heavily influenced by belief, knowledge, education, income, and other variables. Although the WTP varied after analyzing different questionnaires, the factors affecting it were similar.
Bai-Chen Xie; Wei Zhao; Zhong-Ling Yin; Pu Xie. How much will the residents pay for clean energy? Empirical study using the double bound dichotomous choice method for Tianjin, China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 241, 118208 .
AMA StyleBai-Chen Xie, Wei Zhao, Zhong-Ling Yin, Pu Xie. How much will the residents pay for clean energy? Empirical study using the double bound dichotomous choice method for Tianjin, China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 241 ():118208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai-Chen Xie; Wei Zhao; Zhong-Ling Yin; Pu Xie. 2019. "How much will the residents pay for clean energy? Empirical study using the double bound dichotomous choice method for Tianjin, China." Journal of Cleaner Production 241, no. : 118208.
Peng Hao; Jun-Peng Guo; Yihsu Chen; Bai-Chen Xie. Does a combined strategy outperform independent policies? Impact of incentive policies on renewable power generation. Omega 2019, 97, 102100 .
AMA StylePeng Hao, Jun-Peng Guo, Yihsu Chen, Bai-Chen Xie. Does a combined strategy outperform independent policies? Impact of incentive policies on renewable power generation. Omega. 2019; 97 ():102100.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Hao; Jun-Peng Guo; Yihsu Chen; Bai-Chen Xie. 2019. "Does a combined strategy outperform independent policies? Impact of incentive policies on renewable power generation." Omega 97, no. : 102100.
China has developed eight bases to boost the large-scale exploitation of wind power, thereby achieving great success in recent years. In this study, we propose an adjusted technical innovation diffusion model to explore the optimal development paths for the eight bases until 2030. Considering environmental differences, the model mainly takes the following factors into account: economic factors, grid construction, coordination of departments, power system failure and technology diffusion. In addition, we classify the bases into four groups according to their geographical locations and economic development to investigate the common characteristics affecting their development. The empirical analysis indicates that all eight bases may achieve their development goals by 2020, but not all may reach their 2030 goals under most circumstances. The effect of incentive policies varies significantly among regions due to differences in available resources and economic development. Grid availability act as the biggest obstacle to wind power development in regions with abundant resources and underdeveloped economies, whereas a subsidy is the key driver of wind power diffusion in developed regions.
Zhen-Yu She; Rui Cao; Bai-Chen Xie; Jia-Jun Ma; Sheng Lan. An analysis of the wind power development factors by Generalized Bass Model: A case study of China's eight bases. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 231, 1503 -1514.
AMA StyleZhen-Yu She, Rui Cao, Bai-Chen Xie, Jia-Jun Ma, Sheng Lan. An analysis of the wind power development factors by Generalized Bass Model: A case study of China's eight bases. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 231 ():1503-1514.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhen-Yu She; Rui Cao; Bai-Chen Xie; Jia-Jun Ma; Sheng Lan. 2019. "An analysis of the wind power development factors by Generalized Bass Model: A case study of China's eight bases." Journal of Cleaner Production 231, no. : 1503-1514.
The study is designed to examine whether or not there are scientific grounds for Directive 2984 which was issued to reduce coal consumption by the Chinese central government in 2014. We propose a parametric stochastic frontier model that can be used to measure non-radial environmental energy efficiency, which has not been addressed so far and gather a panel data set covering 29 provincial administrative regions in Mainland China between 2000 and 2013. Our empirical results demonstrate the existence of inappropriateness and self-contradiction in this mandatory plan and offer a new list of regions for coal consumption reduction. We also recommend the implementation of regulatory impact analysis in the second round of this mandatory plan to improve transparency and consistency in the short run and the establishment of more market-based or market-mimicking incentive-compatible measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the long run.
Hong-Zhou Li; Maria Kopsakangas-Savolainen; Ming-Zhe Yan; Jian-Lin Wang; Bai-Chen Xie. Which provincial administrative regions in China should reduce their coal consumption? An environmental energy input requirement function based analysis. Energy Policy 2018, 127, 51 -63.
AMA StyleHong-Zhou Li, Maria Kopsakangas-Savolainen, Ming-Zhe Yan, Jian-Lin Wang, Bai-Chen Xie. Which provincial administrative regions in China should reduce their coal consumption? An environmental energy input requirement function based analysis. Energy Policy. 2018; 127 ():51-63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong-Zhou Li; Maria Kopsakangas-Savolainen; Ming-Zhe Yan; Jian-Lin Wang; Bai-Chen Xie. 2018. "Which provincial administrative regions in China should reduce their coal consumption? An environmental energy input requirement function based analysis." Energy Policy 127, no. : 51-63.
Abating CO2 emissions from the electricity sector in China has received increasing attention in the past years. Assessing the drivers behind CO2 emissions is fundamental to identifying cost-effective policy measures to reduce emissions. Production-theoretical decomposition analysis (PDA) has been applied for such a purpose owing to its strength in quantifying the impacts of efficiency and technology related factors. As the determinants of emissions are likely to be affected by the group heterogeneity, we develop a metafrontier PDA (MPDA) model to resolve the heterogeneity issue. Applying the proposed MPDA model to examine the change in CO2 emissions from 93 Chinese fossil fuel power plants during 2005 and 2010 shows that all technology-related effects reduced power plants’ emissions, but at varying degrees. While the emission efficiency improvement was the primary contributor to the emission abatement in the 93 plants, the group heterogeneity had exerted an influence on emissions, and the change in the heterogeneity slightly reduced the emissions. More detailed results with further discussions are presented.
H. Wang; P. Zhou; Bai-Chen Xie; N. Zhang. Assessing drivers of CO2 emissions in China's electricity sector: A metafrontier production-theoretical decomposition analysis. European Journal of Operational Research 2018, 275, 1096 -1107.
AMA StyleH. Wang, P. Zhou, Bai-Chen Xie, N. Zhang. Assessing drivers of CO2 emissions in China's electricity sector: A metafrontier production-theoretical decomposition analysis. European Journal of Operational Research. 2018; 275 (3):1096-1107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleH. Wang; P. Zhou; Bai-Chen Xie; N. Zhang. 2018. "Assessing drivers of CO2 emissions in China's electricity sector: A metafrontier production-theoretical decomposition analysis." European Journal of Operational Research 275, no. 3: 1096-1107.
With the rapid development of economy, China's electric power consumption has increased sharply. Its carbon emissions derived from power generation now accounts for more than 45% of the national emissions. This study employs a structural decomposition analysis based on input-output subsystem model to explore sources for emissions increments in China's power sector from 2007 to 2015. Under this approach, the influential factors are classified into four categories. Quite a few scenarios are designed to further assess the impacts of power mix and the levy of carbon tax. The results show that the consumption is the main driving growth factor of CO2 emissions, and most of the emissions are driven by continuing expansion of large-scale infrastructure, and this trend seems going to change in the future; carbon tax and price policies may be the alternative for reducing the emissions. In addition, both the generation efficiency and internal industrial structure are critical factors in emission reduction. Besides, cleaner energy sources effectively lead to carbon emission reduction but this change performs a relatively small effect. Finally, promoting the development of non-fossil energy power may lead to total CO2 emissions perform decrease trend before 2030.
Jia-Jun Ma; Gang Du; Bai-Chen Xie. CO2 emission changes of China's power generation system: Input-output subsystem analysis. Energy Policy 2018, 124, 1 -12.
AMA StyleJia-Jun Ma, Gang Du, Bai-Chen Xie. CO2 emission changes of China's power generation system: Input-output subsystem analysis. Energy Policy. 2018; 124 ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJia-Jun Ma; Gang Du; Bai-Chen Xie. 2018. "CO2 emission changes of China's power generation system: Input-output subsystem analysis." Energy Policy 124, no. : 1-12.
Bai-Chen Xie; Jie Gao; Shuang Zhang; Rui-Zhi Pang; Zhongxiang Zhang. The environmental efficiency analysis of China’s power generation sector based on game cross-efficiency approach. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 2018, 46, 126 -135.
AMA StyleBai-Chen Xie, Jie Gao, Shuang Zhang, Rui-Zhi Pang, Zhongxiang Zhang. The environmental efficiency analysis of China’s power generation sector based on game cross-efficiency approach. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics. 2018; 46 ():126-135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai-Chen Xie; Jie Gao; Shuang Zhang; Rui-Zhi Pang; Zhongxiang Zhang. 2018. "The environmental efficiency analysis of China’s power generation sector based on game cross-efficiency approach." Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 46, no. : 126-135.
Na Duan; Jun-Peng Guo; Peng Zhou; Bai-Chen Xie. The impacts of the coal-electricity price linkage on the profit efficiency of China’s thermal power plants. International Journal of Production Research 2018, 57, 7457 -7470.
AMA StyleNa Duan, Jun-Peng Guo, Peng Zhou, Bai-Chen Xie. The impacts of the coal-electricity price linkage on the profit efficiency of China’s thermal power plants. International Journal of Production Research. 2018; 57 (23):7457-7470.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNa Duan; Jun-Peng Guo; Peng Zhou; Bai-Chen Xie. 2018. "The impacts of the coal-electricity price linkage on the profit efficiency of China’s thermal power plants." International Journal of Production Research 57, no. 23: 7457-7470.
This paper employs portfolio theory to explore China’s optimal power generation mix in 2030, which considers the possibilities of technological developments, and the government’s non-fossil generation and non-hydro renewable generation policy targets. The aim of this paper is to investigate China’s efficient generation portfolios by comparing the portfolio costs, risks, efficient frontiers, and diversification levels under different cases and scenarios. The results show that fossil fuel generation technologies have no advantages when considering the technological restrictions. In addition, various preferences for non-fossil generation technologies are influenced greatly by the goals of pursuing cost or risk minimization and different policy targets. Positive effects exist for a non-fossil generation goal or a policy target package from the perspectives of minimizing cost and risk, as well as for improving the diversification level.
Shuang Zhang; Tao Zhao; Bai-Chen Xie. What is the optimal power generation mix of China? An empirical analysis using portfolio theory. Applied Energy 2018, 229, 522 -536.
AMA StyleShuang Zhang, Tao Zhao, Bai-Chen Xie. What is the optimal power generation mix of China? An empirical analysis using portfolio theory. Applied Energy. 2018; 229 ():522-536.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuang Zhang; Tao Zhao; Bai-Chen Xie. 2018. "What is the optimal power generation mix of China? An empirical analysis using portfolio theory." Applied Energy 229, no. : 522-536.
Based on the portfolio theory, this paper integrates the grid absorption risk to study the efficient power generation mix of China in 2030, which combines some specific policy targets to compare different scenarios and analyze the benefits and shortcomings of generation portfolios. Furthermore, some reference generation portfolios in 2030 are evaluated. The results reveal that the power generation mix which includes more renewable energy sources is a more efficient portfolio in terms of risk minimization. In addition, the models also confirm the positive effects of introducing both the non-fossil generation and non-hydro renewable generation policy targets in 2030, from the perspective of cost and risk minimization.
Shuang Zhang; Tao Zhao; Bai-Chen Xie. Analysis of power generation mix in China: An evaluation based on portfolio theory. Energy Procedia 2018, 145, 163 -168.
AMA StyleShuang Zhang, Tao Zhao, Bai-Chen Xie. Analysis of power generation mix in China: An evaluation based on portfolio theory. Energy Procedia. 2018; 145 ():163-168.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuang Zhang; Tao Zhao; Bai-Chen Xie. 2018. "Analysis of power generation mix in China: An evaluation based on portfolio theory." Energy Procedia 145, no. : 163-168.
Green electricity is an effective approach to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions without damaging economic development. One effective measure to boost its development is to increase the awareness of residents about sustainable development and to increase their willingness to pay (WTP). This study applies a contingent valuation method to investigate the WTP of residents in Tianjin, China for green electricity. It uses a logit model to test whether the respondents have WTP. In addition to the factors affecting the respondents’ viewpoints frequently discussed in previous studies, this paper has also considered the influence of high prevalence of respiratory disease. Furthermore, it employs a multiple regression model to identify the factors that significantly affected the WTP. According to a sample of 468 respondents, most residents have positive WTP with an average value of CNY 32.63 per month. The main driving factors for a positive WTP are knowledge of renewable energy, belief towards the government, behavior, education, history of respiratory disease and others. The factors affecting the value of WTP include income, belief, disease, gender and age, and the first three factors often have positive influences while the last one has negative impact. Furthermore, males tend to have a higher WTP than females.
Bai-Chen Xie; Wei Zhao. Willingness to pay for green electricity in Tianjin, China: Based on the contingent valuation method. Energy Policy 2018, 114, 98 -107.
AMA StyleBai-Chen Xie, Wei Zhao. Willingness to pay for green electricity in Tianjin, China: Based on the contingent valuation method. Energy Policy. 2018; 114 ():98-107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai-Chen Xie; Wei Zhao. 2018. "Willingness to pay for green electricity in Tianjin, China: Based on the contingent valuation method." Energy Policy 114, no. : 98-107.
Bai-Chen Xie; Jie-Yong Wang; Jia-Jun Ma; Na Duan. Efficiency evaluation of China's provincial power systems based on the dynamic network slacks-based measure model. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 174, 650 -660.
AMA StyleBai-Chen Xie, Jie-Yong Wang, Jia-Jun Ma, Na Duan. Efficiency evaluation of China's provincial power systems based on the dynamic network slacks-based measure model. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 174 ():650-660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai-Chen Xie; Jie-Yong Wang; Jia-Jun Ma; Na Duan. 2018. "Efficiency evaluation of China's provincial power systems based on the dynamic network slacks-based measure model." Journal of Cleaner Production 174, no. : 650-660.
Bai-Chen Xie; Jie Gao; Yun-Fei Chen; Na-Qian Deng. Measuring the efficiency of grid companies in China: A bootstrapping non-parametric meta-frontier approach. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 174, 1381 -1391.
AMA StyleBai-Chen Xie, Jie Gao, Yun-Fei Chen, Na-Qian Deng. Measuring the efficiency of grid companies in China: A bootstrapping non-parametric meta-frontier approach. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 174 ():1381-1391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai-Chen Xie; Jie Gao; Yun-Fei Chen; Na-Qian Deng. 2018. "Measuring the efficiency of grid companies in China: A bootstrapping non-parametric meta-frontier approach." Journal of Cleaner Production 174, no. : 1381-1391.
Yan-Qing Kang; Bai-Chen Xie; Juan Wang; Ya-Nan Wang. Environmental assessment and investment strategy for China's manufacturing industry: A non-radial DEA based analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 175, 501 -511.
AMA StyleYan-Qing Kang, Bai-Chen Xie, Juan Wang, Ya-Nan Wang. Environmental assessment and investment strategy for China's manufacturing industry: A non-radial DEA based analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 175 ():501-511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan-Qing Kang; Bai-Chen Xie; Juan Wang; Ya-Nan Wang. 2018. "Environmental assessment and investment strategy for China's manufacturing industry: A non-radial DEA based analysis." Journal of Cleaner Production 175, no. : 501-511.