A comprehensive review of recent research on niosomes was conducted using a mixed methodology, including searches in databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS). Articles were selected based on relevance. The current review examines the historical development of niosomes focusing on the methods of preparations and the contemporary strategies and prospective advancements within the realm of drug delivery systems, highlighting innovative approaches across transdermal, oral, and cellular delivery. This review reported the method of niosomes preparations including a new and novel approach for the preparation of niosomes known as the ball milling method (BM). This technique allows for the precise manipulation of size and shape, leading to improvements in drug release, encapsulation efficiency, and uniformity compared to traditional methods. Niosomes can serve as carriers for delivering various types of drugs, including hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic. This improves the efficiency of encapsulating different drugs, the size of targeted particles, and the desired zeta potential. This is achieved by using a specific charge-inducing agent for drug delivery and targeting specific diseases. These efforts are crucial for overcoming the current limitations and unlocking the full therapeutic potential of modern medicine.

A rising volume of the literature acknowledges the significance of nanotechnology in the cosmetics industry, particularly with the invention and use of techniques based on niosomes to generate unique formulations with both medicinal and aesthetic benefits. The current study’s objectives are to undertake a comprehensive review of the previously published data on the use and applications of niosomes in cosmetics and to give a succinct summary of that data. Preferred Reporting standards for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used in the design of the current review. The core concept and keywords were derived from the research question using the SPIDER tool. The main steps of this review included: design of the research question, preliminary research, search strategy, searching the database, exclusion and inclusion criteria, approval by authors, title and abstract screening, reporting of the number of data selected, full text download and reading, manual research (Google Scholar, Scopus, and WoS), data extraction and quality assessment, double data checking, and manuscript writing, revision, and submission. After thorough data analysis, it was discovered that a cosmetic product’s aesthetic impact significantly improved when it was created utilising niosomes technology. The majority of cosmeceutical niosomes’ skin and hair products demonstrated an enhanced therapeutic and cosmeceutical effect. These discoveries may contribute to the treatment of skin conditions under the umbrella of cosmeceutical niosomes.

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic syndrome that is associated with high blood glucose levels. The number of diabetic patients is increasing every year and the total number of cases is expected to reach more than 600 million worldwide by 2045. Modern antidiabetic drugs alleviate hyperglycaemia and complications that are caused by high blood glucose levels. However, due to the side effects of these drugs, plant extracts and bioactive compounds with antidiabetic properties have been gaining attention as alternative treatments for diabetes. Natural products are biocompatible, cheaper and expected to cause fewer side effects than the current antidiabetic drugs. In this review, various nanocarrier systems are discussed, such as liposomes, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles and metallic nanoparticles. These systems have been applied to overcome the limitations of the current drugs and simultaneously improve the efficacy of plant-based antidiabetic drugs. The main challenges in the formulation of plant-based nanocarriers are the loading capacity of the plant extracts and the stability of the carriers. A brief review of lipid nanocarriers and the amphipathic properties of phospholipids and liposomes that encapsulate hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic drugs is also described. A special emphasis is placed on metallic nanoparticles, with their advantages and associated complications being reported to highlight their effectiveness for treating hyperglycaemia. The present review could be an interesting paper for researchers who are working in the field of using plant extract-loaded nanoparticles as antidiabetic therapies.

Background: Luteolin is a flavonoid compound that has been widely studied for its various anti-cancer properties and sensitization to multidrug-resistant cells. However, the limited solubility and bioavailability of Lut hindered its potential clinical use. Theoretically, the combination of this compound with vitamin E TPGS and poloxamer 407 can produce a synergistic effect to enhance tumor apoptosis and P-glycoprotein inhibition. This study aimed to develop and optimize vitamin E TPGS/Poloxamer 407 micelles loaded with luteolin through investigating certain factors that can affect the encapsulation efficiency and particle size of the micelle. Methods: A micelle was prepared using the film hydration method, and the micellar solution was lyophilized. The cake formed was analyzed. The factors investigated include the concentrations of the surfactants, ratio of vitamin E TPGS/Poloxamer 407, temperature of the hydrating solution, duration of hydration, and freezing temperature before lyophilization. The effects of these factors on the encapsulation efficiency and particle size of the micelle were also studied. The encapsulation efficiency was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, while particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering. Results: The optimized micelle was found to have 90% encapsulation efficiency with a particle size of less than 40 nm, which was achieved using a 10% concentration of surfactants at a vitamin E TPGS/Poloxamer 407 ratio of 3:1. The optimized temperature for hydrating the micellar film was 40 °C, the optimized mixing time was 1 h, and the optimized freezing temperature was −80 °C. The solubility of the luteolin-loaded micelles increased 459-fold compared to pure Lut in water. The critical micelle concentration of the vitamin E TPGS/Poloxamer 407 micelle was 0.001 mg/mL, and the release study showed that luteolin-loaded micelles exhibited sustained release behavior. The release of luteolin from a micelle was found to be higher in pH 6.8 compared to pH 7.4, which signified that luteolin could be accumulated more in a tumor microenvironment compared to blood. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that several factors need to be considered when developing such nanoparticles in order to obtain a well-optimized micelle.

Three-dimensional printing, particularly Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), has revolutionized dermatological drug delivery by offering the ability to create personalized and precise drug formulations. This technology enables the design of customized drug delivery systems using a variety of polymers, such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), and Polycaprolactone (PCL), each with unique properties that enhance drug release, patient compliance, and treatment efficacy. This review analyzes these polymers in terms of their advantages, limitations, and suitability for dermatological applications. The ability to tailor these materials offers significant potential in overcoming treatment regimens. Additionally, the customization of three-dimensional-printed drug delivery systems provides a platform for creating patient-specific solutions that are more effective and adaptable to individual needs. Despite challenges such as moisture sensitivity and mechanical brittleness, the potential of FDM technology to improve dermatological treatments remains promising. The future of three-dimensional printing in dermatology lies in the integration of optimized materials and advanced printing techniques, which could further enhance patient-specific care and broaden the clinical applicability of these technologies in the pharmaceutical and biomedical sectors. By addressing these limitations and expanding material choices, FDM-based drug delivery systems have the potential to revolutionize the management of dermatological conditions, offering improved therapeutic outcomes and quality of life for patients.