This article was published in the Journal of Transport Geography [© Elsevier]. The definitive version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2007.07.002This paper attempts to understand mode choice decisions among older and disabled people in London, with the objective of determining what policies can best meet their mobility and activity needs. A literature review is followed by a description of the data sets and modelling methods used in this analysis. Two assumptions are made on the marginal costs of car usage and it is shown that large investments (car, travelcards) are not amortized in the mode choice decisions made, but that marginal costs need to be appropriately specified. Age and disability interactions are shown to influence public transport use with those with disabilities preferring not to use public transport, although if healthy, older people will use buses and trams. The preference for taxis also increases with age when there is a disability. Public transport accessibility measures were also found to be associated with increased public transport use

The reliability of road networks depends directly on their vulnerability to disruptive incidents, ranging in severity from minor disruptions to terrorist attacks. This paper presents a game theoretic approach to the analysis of road network vulnerability. The approach posits predefined disruption, attack or failure scenarios and then considers how to use the road network so as to minimize the maximum expected loss in the event of one of these scenarios coming to fruition. A mixed route strategy is adopted, meaning that the use of the road network is determined by the worst scenario probabilities. This is equivalent to risk-averse route choice. A solution algorithm suitable for use with standard traffic assignment software is presented, thereby enabling the use of electronic road navigation networks. A variant of this algorithm suitable for risk-averse assignment is developed. A numerical example relating to the central London road network is presented. The results highlight points of vulnerability in the road network. Applications of this form of network vulnerability analysis together with improved solution methods are discussed.