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Swai Ombeni
Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, Construction Economics and Management, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 35176, Tanzania

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Journal article
Published: 01 August 2021 in Conservation
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The architectural heritage present in Dar es Salaam Central Business District (CBD) spans across Arab, German, British, and post-colonial eras. The city is rich in buildings with combined architectural styles. Over the past few decades, Dar es Salaam has been experiencing considerable pressure from urbanization. This has resulted in a boom of contemporary construction approaches, yet little concern has been given to the existing old buildings and historical fabric in general. Although urbanization is an unstoppable reality due to the forces it carries with it, it is necessary to find ways to strike a balance between urbanization and its impact on the original urban setting which is less explored in Dar es Salaam. This study investigated the relationship between urbanization and architectural heritage with the intention to balance the two, and set to answer questions about how the two can co-exist. Through a case study approach, changes such as physical transformation, elimination, and replacement of architectural heritage buildings were investigated and analyzed through maps, graphs, and charts. The results have indicated that the driving forces of urbanization such as population, policies, and economy have been influencing each other in physical transformation and demolition of architectural heritage buildings throughout the period between 1967 and 2020. The study suggests that activities such as ecotourism which will enhance social economic benefits should be promoted to support both the urbanization process and architectural heritage conservation.

ACS Style

Swai Ombeni; Dorothea Mbosha; Simon Mpyanga. Urbanization and Vulnerability of Architectural Heritage: The Case of Dar es Salaam CBD. Conservation 2021, 1, 216 -227.

AMA Style

Swai Ombeni, Dorothea Mbosha, Simon Mpyanga. Urbanization and Vulnerability of Architectural Heritage: The Case of Dar es Salaam CBD. Conservation. 2021; 1 (3):216-227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Swai Ombeni; Dorothea Mbosha; Simon Mpyanga. 2021. "Urbanization and Vulnerability of Architectural Heritage: The Case of Dar es Salaam CBD." Conservation 1, no. 3: 216-227.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2019 in URBAN DESIGN International
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The architectural dynamics and roles of food-vending activities in the cities of developing countries such as Dar es Salaam are yet to be fully explored. In due course, there has always been a tug of war between the vendors, customers and city authority in terms of appreciating and allocating spaces to support such informal activities. This study set out to determine the dynamics of evening street restaurants in Dar es Salaam as an avenue for commercial opportunity, urban vibrancy and space creation. The study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 during which streets with open restaurants in the city centre were studied. The study included an overall mapping of all the streets with open restaurants: location of such restaurants, their concentration in each street, logistics of operation, number of customers in each restaurant, operational hours, type of services offered in each, spatial organisation, spatial quality, and means of protection of customers against moving vehicles in the street. For data collection, questionnaires were administered and interviews were conducted; the respondents included customers, owners of the restaurants and the passers-by. Moreover, physical measurements, sketching and photographing were taken to facilitate the study. The findings show the food-vending activities in the downtown area have multifaceted contributions in spatial, social, economic and environmental aspects which are in line with the Sustainable livelihood theory. Moreover, innovations in using urban spaces has been achieved, job creation and employment have been realised and improved, streetscapes have been created, and safety in the streets has improved thus encouraging more people to stay in the streets until late hours. Based on the findings, it is recommended that these activities should be recognised and integrated in the urban development framework.

ACS Style

Ombeni Andrew Swai. Architectural dynamics of street food-vending activities in Dar es Salaam city centre, Tanzania. URBAN DESIGN International 2019, 24, 129 -141.

AMA Style

Ombeni Andrew Swai. Architectural dynamics of street food-vending activities in Dar es Salaam city centre, Tanzania. URBAN DESIGN International. 2019; 24 (2):129-141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ombeni Andrew Swai. 2019. "Architectural dynamics of street food-vending activities in Dar es Salaam city centre, Tanzania." URBAN DESIGN International 24, no. 2: 129-141.