Recently, tissue engineering has been revolutionised by the development of 3D-printed scaffolds, which allow one to construct a precise architecture with tailored properties. In this study, three different composite materials were synthesised using a combination of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and hydroxyapatite (HA) in varying weight percentages. Morphological properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy showing a uniform distribution of HA particles throughout the matrix, indicating good compatibility between the materials. Furthermore, the printed scaffolds were tested under pressure using a load cell to examine mechanical strength. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed favorable dispersion, biological compatibility together with enhanced bioactivity within the PHB/PHA/PLA/HA composite matrixes. Thus, this paper demonstrates the successful design and implementation of these composite structures for tissue-engineering applications and highlights the effective development of biocompatible scaffold designs with improved functionality.

This paper deals with the plane frictional contact problem for the microperiodic composite half-plane with slant layering. Problem was considered as a contact of a non-deformable punch pressed into the composite half-plane with normal and tangential forces at the state of limit equilibrium. Microperiodic composite consists of small periodic layers made of two components, differing in their stiffness' modules. To describe macro-properties of the considered material the homogenized model with microlocal parameters, presented by [1,2] was used. A mathematical problem was formulated and solved using solutions obtained by [3]. Solution to presented problem was received in a general form for any load parameters and material properties. The paper shows contact pressures and stress distributions considered separately for both components of the composite material and results are presented in the form of graphs.