On a global scale, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a widely cultivated crop among all cereals. Increasing pollution, population expansion, socio-economic development, ecological and industrial policies have induced changes in overall climatic attributes. The impact of these factors on agriculture dynamics has led to various biotic and abiotic stresses, i.e., significant decline in rainfall, directly affect sustainable agriculture. Increasing abiotic stresses have a direct negative effect on worldwide crop production. More promising and improved stress-tolerant strategies that can help to feed the increasing global population are required. A laboratory experiment was performed on two of the latest wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Akbar 2019 and Anaj 2017) from Punjab Pakistan, to determine the influence of seed priming with thiamine (vitamin B1) along with soil inoculation of Endophytic bacterial strains to mitigate the effects of drought stress at different degrees. Results revealed that thiamine helped in the remote germination; seeds of Anaj 2017 germinated within 16 hours while Akbar 2019 germinated after one day. Overall growth parameters of Anaj 2017 were negatively affected even under higher levels of drought stress, while Akbar 2019 proved to be a susceptible cultivar. A significant increase in RFW (54%), SFW (85%), RDW (69%), SDW (67%) and TChl (136%) validated the effectiveness of D-T3 compared to C-T0 in drought stress. Significant decrease in MDA, EL and H₂O₂ signified the imperative function of D-T3 over C-T0 under drought stress. In conclusion and recommendation, we declare that farmers can get better wheat growth under drought stress by application of D-T3 over C-T0.

Dendrobium brymerianum Rchb. f. is a species of orchid with pharmacological interest for its potential to inhibit the growth of human lung cancer cells. The identification of the Dendrobium species is a notable problem due to morphological similarities and the limitations of universal DNA barcodes. To overcome these difficulties, this study employed complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences as useful resources for the identification of D. brymerianum. Based on Illumina sequencing, the complete cp genomes of five D. brymerianum individuals were assembled. These genomes were in the quadripartite structure, diverse in length between 151,832 and 152,189 bp, and comprised 126 genes. Moreover, significant differences were found in the Small Single-Copy (SSC) and Large Single-Copy (LSC) regions in comparison to the Inverted Repeat (IR) regions. This study recognized hotspot regions and simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, providing valuable insights into genetic markers. The phylogenetic relationship of Dendrobium species was discovered, highlighting the need for more precise differentiation practices. To address this, ARMS-specific primers, mainly AAob1/AAob2, confirmed strong specificity, permitting the accurate identification of D. brymerianum from other species through ARMS-qPCR. Overall, this study of D. brymerianum chloroplast genomes has generated valuable data about sequence variations, phylogenetics, and mutation dynamics. These perceptions will be valuable in future research on population genetics, taxonomy, and species identification within the Dendrobium genus.