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The Kumasi Central Market is the largest urban open market in Ghana and animals used for medicinal purposes are among the items that are typically displayed for sale. However, no study has been undertaken on the animal species sold for traditional medicine purposes. This study took inventory of animal species traded for medicinal purposes in the Kumasi Central Market and examined their conservation implications. The species recorded to be traded comprised 5 taxonomic classes, belonging to 20 families. Chameleons were found to be the most traded animal species. Seven (23%) of the species traded were found to be threatened under IUCN Red List, with four (13%) species listed on Appendix I of CITES, and eight (26%) species on Schedule I of Wildlife Conservation Regulations of Ghana. Wildlife regulations are not serving as a deterrent to the trade in threatened animal species. There is a need to sensitize traders about the threats faced by these animal species and provide explanations as to why these species should be protected.
Maxwell Boakye; Alfred Agyemang; Edward Wiafe; Hubert Dossou-Yovo; Meyir Ziekah. Animals Traded for Traditional Medicine Purposes in the Kumasi Central Market, Ghana: Conservation Implications. Conservation 2021, 1, 113 -120.
AMA StyleMaxwell Boakye, Alfred Agyemang, Edward Wiafe, Hubert Dossou-Yovo, Meyir Ziekah. Animals Traded for Traditional Medicine Purposes in the Kumasi Central Market, Ghana: Conservation Implications. Conservation. 2021; 1 (2):113-120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaxwell Boakye; Alfred Agyemang; Edward Wiafe; Hubert Dossou-Yovo; Meyir Ziekah. 2021. "Animals Traded for Traditional Medicine Purposes in the Kumasi Central Market, Ghana: Conservation Implications." Conservation 1, no. 2: 113-120.
The incidence of liver diseases is increasing globally, and many patients in developing countries are resorting to the use of herbal products as treatment. This study was aimed at establishing the safety and effectiveness outcomes for patients with deranged liver panel treated with a Ghanaian finished polyherbal product. The product Heptonica is prepared by CPMR from three medicinal plants: Bidens pilosa, Citrus aurantifolia, and Trema orientalis. Fifty (50) participants with clinical and biochemical signs of liver impairment were purposively recruited and treated for a period of 28 days. Participants received Heptonica at a dose of 30 mL 8 hourly after meals for the treatment period. Clinical and biochemical evaluation (liver panel test, renal function test, haematology, and urinalysis) of subjects for the safety and effectiveness of the product was undertaken at days 0 (baseline), 14, and 28. Compared to the baseline values, Heptonica did not have any untoward effect on renal function, haematological parameters, and urine parameters of subjects. Clinical and liver panel results of the participants also improved compared to the baseline: serum aspartate transaminase (AST) (p < 0.0001), alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.0001), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (p- 0.0013), total bilirubin (p-0.0136), direct bilirubin (p < 0.0001), total proteins (p-0.0409), and alkaline phosphates (p- 0.0284). Level of albumin showed no significant difference within the study period. The outcome of this study indicates Heptonica has hepatorestorative action with no observable toxicity and can be used with confidence as indicated as a liver tonic.
A. O. Agyemang; M. L. K. Mensah; R. C. Yamile; A. Ocloo; A. A. Appiah; A. Y. Mensah; K. P. Thomford. Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Effectiveness of Heptonica: A Ghanaian Hepatorestorative Polyherbal Product. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020, 2020, 1 -9.
AMA StyleA. O. Agyemang, M. L. K. Mensah, R. C. Yamile, A. Ocloo, A. A. Appiah, A. Y. Mensah, K. P. Thomford. Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Effectiveness of Heptonica: A Ghanaian Hepatorestorative Polyherbal Product. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020; 2020 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. O. Agyemang; M. L. K. Mensah; R. C. Yamile; A. Ocloo; A. A. Appiah; A. Y. Mensah; K. P. Thomford. 2020. "Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Effectiveness of Heptonica: A Ghanaian Hepatorestorative Polyherbal Product." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020, no. : 1-9.