With the rapid development of e-learning in higher education, this study explores the application of the problem-based learning (PBL) learning model in the e-learning ecosystem. This article explores the concept of participatory engagement in the e-learning ecosystem and integrates it with PBL theory through the use of ICT to support interaction and collaboration. The research method used is R&D learning models in the Heavy Equipment Technology course at Universitas Negeri Padang. The research findings should be interpreted cautiously due to limitations such as differences in contexts across various courses and factors related to technology implementation in the learning environment. The study results show that it can improve learning outcomes and students’ critical thinking skills. Specifically, 70% have implemented Bloom’s cognitive taxonomy Level C4 and above, aided by a self-reflection participation process that enables students to reflect on content, learning processes, and understanding through internal dialogue, generating new ideas and solutions. This is evidenced by the results of the Path Coefficients test with P-Value EE → LO 0.050 and PBL → LO 0.046, as well as Specific Indirect Effect EE → SPR → LO 0.003 and PBL → SPE → LO 0.047 where the value is ≤ 0.05. The implications include guidance for designing effective e-learning ecosystems and adaptive learning strategies in higher education. Future research is recommended to further explore the impact of this integration and develop more effective PBL models in diverse courses and other educational institutions.

The quality of learning must be continuously improved, even during the pandemic. The demand is that students can study well and improve their cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills. During the COVID-19 pandemic, students are encouraged to learn online from home. Adapting this new habit challenges the teacher to design a project-based learning process appropriately. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development process of the electronic teaching module for students as project-based learning (PjBL) of steering, brakes, and suspension subjects in the Automotive Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Negeri Padang. Student modules are designed to improve cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities. This study describes the module arrangement and uses the RD method. To investigate the needs of the development process, a need analysis was also performed. In the module development process, conceptual module and content validity were assessed by experts. Furthermore, practicality, effectiveness, and t-test were applied. The results showed that the development improves students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities.

Preliminary research showed that the learning process could have been more optimal, and this led to the research to develop a TEFA Model with the PBL concept as a valid, practical, and effective method of improving the problem-solving and communication skills of Automotive Vocational Education students. The process involved using the Research and development approach through the application of 4D development procedures of Defining, Designing, Developing, and Disseminating. The study resulted in the TEFA-PBL model with seven learning syntaxes. The syntaxes were (1) troubleshooting the problem, (2) organizing the order, (3) collaborative problem solving, (4) executing an order, (5) quality control, (6) presentation and discussion, and (7) assessment. Furthermore, scenarios were generated to guide the learning activities of lecturers and students directed towards achieving fundamental and global 21st-century automotive vocational skills such as good problem-solving, communication, and collaboration skills. The syntax and scenarios of the learning model produced were feasible, valid, and practically applicable to produce graduates with ready-to-use and competitive skills. It, therefore, signifies that the TEFA-PBL model developed is an innovative solution to improve the quality of automotive vocational learning at different levels, especially universities, to produce graduates with ready-to-use and competitive skills.

Learning requires support from a reliable media, one of which can be a learning module. Based on several previous studies regarding the module, there are still some shortcomings from the module under study. So that further development of the given module is needed by adding the contents of the module using the project. This study aims to examine the development of heavy equipment technology modules including validity tests, practicality tests and project-based effectiveness tests. This research is included in Research and Development (R&D) research. The model used in this study uses the ADDIE principle, the data collection method is through questionnaires and learning outcomes tests, the data analysis is processed using a quantitative approach and described through a qualitative approach to conclude the research results, the research subjects consist of lecturers and students. The results of the research conducted on the development of PjBl-based modules meet the feasibility, in terms of aspects of validity, practicality and effectiveness. The results of the analysis of the validity aspect are 89.07% very valid criteria, the average practicality aspect is 87.92% very practical criteria. The effectiveness aspect is seen from the knowledge test and project test. The test results on 30 students have an average score of 86.67% in the good category and in the field of skills (projects) of 86.67% very high criteria. The conclusion is that the development of PjBL-based modules is able to attract attention and make students understand the material and be able to work together in groups.