The incidence of IBD has been rising over the last decades. The trend applies not only to well-developed countries but also to the regions with limited number of cases so far, e.g., Asia or Middle East. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of paediatric IBD in the district of Lower Silesia, Poland, between 2016 and 2018. Methods: The number of newly diagnosed IBD per 100,000 children, living in the region, was calculated. The characteristics of the group were established. Results: There were 81 cases of paediatric IBD diagnosed between the 1st of January 2016 and 31st of December 2018. The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) was made for 42 children. In the same period of time 39 cases of Crohn disease (CD) were recognised. The incidences were calculated as 2.57 for UC, and 2.38 for CD. The total incidence of IBD between 2016 and 2018 was 4.96/100,000/year which is rise in the last 20 years. Conclusion: An increase in incidence of IBD in the district of Lower Silesia has been observed.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease which can affect all parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) enables detection of pathologic changes in the small intestine, which are not accessible by conventional endoscopy. The aim of the study was to assess the value of MRE in imaging of small bowel lesions, their location and extent, in CD patients and its correlation with clinical and endoscopic activity. MRE was performed in 108 children with CD, aged 5.5 to 18 years. The diagnosis was based on the Porto criteria. Location and clinical manifestation was evaluated according to the Paris classification. Clinical CD activity was assessed with PCDAI and endoscopic activity with SES-CD. In 36 children, control MRE was performed. The most common endoscopic location of the disease was the colon (41.7%), terminal ileum and colon (24.1%). Inflammation as the main clinical manifestation was dominant (81.5%). In MRE, inflammatory changes were found in 40.8% of children, strictures in 11.1%. The EIA value (activity in MRE) increased along with PCDAI score and SES-CD. MRE performed during follow up, showed transmural healing in 16.7% of patients and improvement in 55.5%. MRE is an efficient diagnostic tool in proper characterization of disease location in pediatric CD. As positive correlation of the results of MRE with the endoscopic and clinical activity has been found, taking into account good tolerance and non-invasiveness of the procedure it can be recommended to be used in reassessment.