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Micaela Pacheco Fernández
Urban Water Management, Technical University of Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 05 July 2021 in Water
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) related to wastewater in sewer systems is known for causing significant problems of corrosion and odor nuisance. Sewer systems severely affected by H2S typically rely on online H2S gas sensors for monitoring and control. However, these H2S gas sensors only provide information about the H2S emission potential at the point being monitored, which is sometimes inadequate to design control measures. In this study, a comparison of three market-ready online sensors capable of liquid-phase H2S detection in sewer systems was assessed and compared. Two of the three sensors are based on UV/Vis spectrophotometry, while the other adapted the design and principles of a Clark-type electrochemical microsensor. The H2S measurements of the sensors were statistically compared to a standard laboratory method at first. Following that, the performance of the online sensors was evaluated under realistic sewer conditions using the Berlin Water Company (BWB) research sewer pilot plant. Test applications representing scenarios of typical H2S concentrations found in sulfide-affected sewers and during control measures were simulated. The UV/Vis spectrometers showed that the performance of the sensors was highly dependent on the calibration type and measurements used for deriving the calibration function. The electrochemical sensor showed high sensitivity by responding to alternating anaerobic/anoxic conditions simulated during nitrate dosing. All sensors were prone to measurement disturbances due to high amounts of sanitary solids in wastewater at the study site and required continuous maintenance for reliable measurements. Finally, a summary of the key attributes and limitations of the sensors compared for liquid phase H2S detection is outlined.

ACS Style

Daneish Despot; Micaela Pacheco Fernández; Matthias Barjenbruch. Comparison of Online Sensors for Liquid Phase Hydrogen Sulphide Monitoring in Sewer Systems. Water 2021, 13, 1876 .

AMA Style

Daneish Despot, Micaela Pacheco Fernández, Matthias Barjenbruch. Comparison of Online Sensors for Liquid Phase Hydrogen Sulphide Monitoring in Sewer Systems. Water. 2021; 13 (13):1876.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daneish Despot; Micaela Pacheco Fernández; Matthias Barjenbruch. 2021. "Comparison of Online Sensors for Liquid Phase Hydrogen Sulphide Monitoring in Sewer Systems." Water 13, no. 13: 1876.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2020 in Water Science and Technology
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UV/Vis spectrometers are powerful tools for online monitoring of wastewater constituents and processes. However, most studies only focus on typical parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids. This work presents a multi-parameter approach for calibration of a UV/Vis spectrometer for online monitoring of sewer systems. Parameters studied include soluble and total COD, nitrate, ammonium, sulphate and orthophosphate, as well as total dissolved sulphide, bisulphide and hydrogen sulphide, because they are one of the main causes for odour and corrosion in sewer systems. Two calibration methods are compared: multiple linear regression included in the manufacturer's software, and partial least square (PLS) computed using the pls package of the R library. Performance of the methods is evaluated for calibration and validation data sets employing four different criteria: relative root mean square error (RMSErel), RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and percentage bias. A method-parameter dependency was revealed during the calibration phase but, when predicting new data, the PLS method showed higher robustness for almost all parameters. Both methods were able to predict concentration trends associated with sewer processes, some of which are strongly correlated to the sulphide species.

ACS Style

Micaela Pacheco Fernández; Thorsten Knutz; Matthias Barjenbruch. Multi-parameter calibration of a UV/Vis spectrometer for online monitoring of sewer systems. Water Science and Technology 2020, 82, 927 -939.

AMA Style

Micaela Pacheco Fernández, Thorsten Knutz, Matthias Barjenbruch. Multi-parameter calibration of a UV/Vis spectrometer for online monitoring of sewer systems. Water Science and Technology. 2020; 82 (5):927-939.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Micaela Pacheco Fernández; Thorsten Knutz; Matthias Barjenbruch. 2020. "Multi-parameter calibration of a UV/Vis spectrometer for online monitoring of sewer systems." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 5: 927-939.