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Remanufacturing is one of the main practices toward a circular economy and industrial sustainability. Remanufacturing is highly dependent on how circular products are designed and developed. Remanufacturing can also benefit from automation for efficiency, accuracy and flexibility. This paper, via a multiple case study, connects the three areas of remanufacturing, product design and automation and investigates how circular product design can facilitate automation remanufacturing processes. First, circular product design guidelines are discussed with regard to remanufacturing. Second, potential areas for automation at three remanufacturers of electric and electronic equipment are pinpointed. Finally, design guidelines are connected to the identified potential automation areas in each remanufacturing process and discussed together. According to our results, the main incentives for automating remanufacturing processes are mainly related to the work environment, efficiency and quality. In addition, several design guidelines can facilitate automated remanufacturing processes; for instance, the standardization of components, fasteners and remanufacturing tools across different models and brands can also facilitate automated remanufacturing, where products can easily and nondestructively be disassembled by a robot or a machine.
Sasha Shahbazi; Kerstin Johansen; Erik Sundin. Product Design for Automated Remanufacturing—A Case Study of Electric and Electronic Equipment in Sweden. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9039 .
AMA StyleSasha Shahbazi, Kerstin Johansen, Erik Sundin. Product Design for Automated Remanufacturing—A Case Study of Electric and Electronic Equipment in Sweden. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9039.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSasha Shahbazi; Kerstin Johansen; Erik Sundin. 2021. "Product Design for Automated Remanufacturing—A Case Study of Electric and Electronic Equipment in Sweden." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9039.
Data driven organizations such as Amazon and Uber have raised the capabilities and expectations of customers to a new level by providing faster and cheaper products and services. The reviewed literature documented that 10–15% of the online products are returned and in many cases such products are not shelf-ready due to product obsolescence or slight wear and tear, thereby reducing profits. Many of these products are disposed of in landfills. There were very few publications that documented how integration of digitized product life cycle into the business model improves product returns and the remanufacturing processes. As societies continue on, environmentally responsible, digital journeys with connected devices and people, reverse supply chains and remanufacturing will play increased importance in fulfilling customers expanded expectations. The networks are evolving, wherein, data are collected from all phases of the product lifecycles from design, prototype, manufacturing, usage aftermarket, returns remanufacturing and recycling. The objective of this paper’s authors was to describe how all phases of product life cycles can be digitized to improve global reverse supply chains and remanufacturing. The authors performed a literature review and developed case studies to document current and to predict future transformational waves that will become increasingly used in many industrial sectors. The authors made recommendations about the importance of improved product design, reduced processing costs and increased use of remanufactured products based upon data on returns to manufacturers and service providers. This paper contributes to research by providing a framework of a digitized product life cycle integrated with the business process phases including remanufacturing and supported with real-world case studies for practitioners and academicians. The authors outlined potential future topics for academic researchers and practitioners, for expanding usage of digital tools in real-time predictive analytics to improve remanufacturing system’s efficiency and quality.
Ramesh Subramoniam; Erik Sundin; Suresh Subramoniam; Donald Huisingh. Riding the Digital Product Life Cycle Waves towards a Circular Economy. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8960 .
AMA StyleRamesh Subramoniam, Erik Sundin, Suresh Subramoniam, Donald Huisingh. Riding the Digital Product Life Cycle Waves towards a Circular Economy. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8960.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamesh Subramoniam; Erik Sundin; Suresh Subramoniam; Donald Huisingh. 2021. "Riding the Digital Product Life Cycle Waves towards a Circular Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8960.
The lack of consumer acceptance for remanufactured products is preventing the transition towards sustainable consumption. When knowledge about remanufacturing among consumers is limited, more insight is required into the consumer’s expectations. The purpose of this paper is to examine the consumer’s expectations and willingness to engage in sustainable purchasing behaviour when considering buying remanufactured robotic lawn mowers. The theory of planned behaviour and variables from green marketing help form the research model, which was tested empirically using survey data from 118 samples. The results indicate that sustainable purchasing behaviour of remanufactured robotic lawn mowers is primarily influenced by the consumer’s attitude and evaluation of the remanufactured product, and less so by external influences. Consumers expecting high product quality, low price, and low risk, had a positive evaluation and were therefore more willing to engage in sustainable purchasing behaviour of remanufactured robotic lawn mowers. More concisely, consumers value performance and price reductions, and worry about the time the remanufactured robotic lawn mower remains functional. Environmental knowledge among consumers is sufficient but cannot be fully translated into positive evaluations and sustainable purchases of remanufactured robotic lawn mowers. This research provides guidance for how remanufacturing firms can improve their circular marketing and remanufacturing strategies.
Daan Kabel; Mattias ⊃; Erik Sundin. Factors Influencing Sustainable Purchasing Behaviour of Remanufactured Robotic Lawn Mowers. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1954 .
AMA StyleDaan Kabel, Mattias ⊃, Erik Sundin. Factors Influencing Sustainable Purchasing Behaviour of Remanufactured Robotic Lawn Mowers. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1954.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaan Kabel; Mattias ⊃; Erik Sundin. 2021. "Factors Influencing Sustainable Purchasing Behaviour of Remanufactured Robotic Lawn Mowers." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1954.
The automotive market is changing. For many years, cars with internal-combustion engines were dominant. Recently, more cars with alternative drive trains have become available, and their market share has increased, a trend that has had an effect on the remanufacturing industry for automotive parts. This paper aims to describe and evaluate the challenges and opportunities in the coming years for the remanufacturing industry as a result of the increasing number and share of electric vehicles. Both theory and empirical data have been used to meet this aim. From theory, the two different drive train concepts of the internal combustion engine and the battery electric vehicle are described, along with the major differences from a remanufacturing standpoint. These differences and effects are described, evaluated, and fully or partly confirmed by industry experts. The results show that future market actors are unset today, less space-consuming machinery parks will be needed, major investments into knowledge and equipment (especially for testing) will be required, and the necessity to handle different kinds of end-of-use/life solutions, especially the recovery for the electric vehicle battery packs, will be a challenge. As future development is still uncertain, the authors recommend that market actors investigate the challenges and opportunities highlighted in this paper and watch future developments carefully.
Robert Casper; Erik Sundin. Electrification in the automotive industry: effects in remanufacturing. Journal of Remanufacturing 2020, 11, 121 -136.
AMA StyleRobert Casper, Erik Sundin. Electrification in the automotive industry: effects in remanufacturing. Journal of Remanufacturing. 2020; 11 (2):121-136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Casper; Erik Sundin. 2020. "Electrification in the automotive industry: effects in remanufacturing." Journal of Remanufacturing 11, no. 2: 121-136.
As environmental issues attract more concern, shifting towards sustainable manufacturing that includes remanufacturing has become a strategic solution to enable a profitable business while improving environmental performance. The aim of this paper is to investigate the economic feasibility of remanufacturing at different supply chain locations for a robotic lawn mower manufacturer attempting to expand their business. Through a case study, five potential location categories were identified, of which two were deemed economically feasible: spare parts warehouse (OEM) and decentralized (dealers). The other three alternatives were deemed inferior in comparison, or only plausible, but identified as risky through a sensitivity analysis.
Johan Vogt Duberg; Gustav Johansson; Erik Sundin; Ou Tang. Economic evaluation of potential locations for remanufacturing in an extended supply chain – a case study on robotic lawn mowers. Procedia CIRP 2020, 90, 14 -18.
AMA StyleJohan Vogt Duberg, Gustav Johansson, Erik Sundin, Ou Tang. Economic evaluation of potential locations for remanufacturing in an extended supply chain – a case study on robotic lawn mowers. Procedia CIRP. 2020; 90 ():14-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohan Vogt Duberg; Gustav Johansson; Erik Sundin; Ou Tang. 2020. "Economic evaluation of potential locations for remanufacturing in an extended supply chain – a case study on robotic lawn mowers." Procedia CIRP 90, no. : 14-18.
The lack of consumer acceptance of remanufactured products prevents the transition to a circular economy. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of importance of influencing factors to the consumer's purchase intention of a remanufactured robotic lawn mower. The results indicated that the consumer's purchase intention can be measured as a function of attitude, social pressure and the availability of remanufactured products, among which attitude had the highest effect on the purchase intention. The attitude was significantly predicted by the expected product quality, perceived risk and price advantages, among which expected product quality has the highest effect.
Daan Kabel; Simon Ahlstedt; Mattias Elg; Erik Sundin. Consumer purchase intention of remanufactured EEE products – A study on robotic lawn mowers in Sweden. Procedia CIRP 2020, 90, 79 -84.
AMA StyleDaan Kabel, Simon Ahlstedt, Mattias Elg, Erik Sundin. Consumer purchase intention of remanufactured EEE products – A study on robotic lawn mowers in Sweden. Procedia CIRP. 2020; 90 ():79-84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaan Kabel; Simon Ahlstedt; Mattias Elg; Erik Sundin. 2020. "Consumer purchase intention of remanufactured EEE products – A study on robotic lawn mowers in Sweden." Procedia CIRP 90, no. : 79-84.
Natural resources are being depleted at an alarming rate, also resulting in increased emissions and pollution. The call for a circular economy and sustainable strategies is now louder than ever. Remanufacturing can alleviate our environmental impact while still providing opportunities for profitable business. However, there is a need for a framework detailing the necessary steps for a successful remanufacturing start-up. This paper aims to identify the essential and supportive factors an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) must consider when transitioning part of its business to remanufacturing. Such factors could aid both current actors in the industrial setting as well as make way for further investigations and more advanced frameworks from the scientific field. The task is carried out through a novel combination of prior research on production development and remanufacturing, with support from a case study performed at an electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) manufacturer. This paper concludes that the first essential factors to be addressed when switching orientation towards remanufacturing can be contained in four categories: core acquisition and reverse logistics, labor skill and availability, remanufacturing facilities, and remanufacturing process and technology. Secondary supporting factors include design for remanufacturing and information feedback, remanufacturing process improvements, remanufacturing market knowledge, and organization, planning and control.
Johan Vogt Duberg; Gustav Johansson; Erik Sundin; Jelena Kurilova-Palisaitiene. Prerequisite factors for original equipment manufacturer remanufacturing. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 270, 122309 .
AMA StyleJohan Vogt Duberg, Gustav Johansson, Erik Sundin, Jelena Kurilova-Palisaitiene. Prerequisite factors for original equipment manufacturer remanufacturing. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 270 ():122309.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohan Vogt Duberg; Gustav Johansson; Erik Sundin; Jelena Kurilova-Palisaitiene. 2020. "Prerequisite factors for original equipment manufacturer remanufacturing." Journal of Cleaner Production 270, no. : 122309.
In the original publication, the following Open Access statement was missing in the pdf version.
Louise Lindkvist Haziri; Erik Sundin. Correction to: Supporting design for remanufacturing - A framework for implementing information feedback from remanufacturing to product design. Journal of Remanufacturing 2019, 10, 77 -77.
AMA StyleLouise Lindkvist Haziri, Erik Sundin. Correction to: Supporting design for remanufacturing - A framework for implementing information feedback from remanufacturing to product design. Journal of Remanufacturing. 2019; 10 (1):77-77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLouise Lindkvist Haziri; Erik Sundin. 2019. "Correction to: Supporting design for remanufacturing - A framework for implementing information feedback from remanufacturing to product design." Journal of Remanufacturing 10, no. 1: 77-77.
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Circular Economy Remanufacturing Statements from Industry and Conclusions
Erik Sundin. The Role of Remanufacturing in a Circular Economy. Remanufacturing in the Circular Economy 2019, 31 -60.
AMA StyleErik Sundin. The Role of Remanufacturing in a Circular Economy. Remanufacturing in the Circular Economy. 2019; ():31-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErik Sundin. 2019. "The Role of Remanufacturing in a Circular Economy." Remanufacturing in the Circular Economy , no. : 31-60.
Remanufacturing is an industrial process turning used products into a condition of like new or better. Remanufacturing is also one strategy that salvages the value put into products during manufacturing and thus reduces the environmental impact of products over the life-cycle. However, not many products are designed for remanufacturing, and there is rarely any feedback from remanufacturing to design. Since design for remanufacturing is not applied at most manufacturing companies, there is a need to support companies, for example, by information feedback methods. By implementing feedback transfer from remanufacturing to design and employing design for remanufacturing, the remanufacturing process is more likely to be effective and efficient. The aim of this paper is to present a framework that supports design for remanufacturing by the implementation of structured feedback from remanufacturing to design. The framework aims at strategically outlining and practically implementing information feedback from remanufacturing to design. A case company where the framework has been initialised is also presented.
Louise Lindkvist Haziri; Erik Sundin. Supporting design for remanufacturing - A framework for implementing information feedback from remanufacturing to product design. Journal of Remanufacturing 2019, 10, 57 -76.
AMA StyleLouise Lindkvist Haziri, Erik Sundin. Supporting design for remanufacturing - A framework for implementing information feedback from remanufacturing to product design. Journal of Remanufacturing. 2019; 10 (1):57-76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLouise Lindkvist Haziri; Erik Sundin. 2019. "Supporting design for remanufacturing - A framework for implementing information feedback from remanufacturing to product design." Journal of Remanufacturing 10, no. 1: 57-76.
Company interest and research in the circular economy and remanufacturing have increased as a means of reducing negative environmental impacts. Remanufacturing is an industrial process whereby used products are returned to a state of like-new. However, few products are designed for remanufacturing, and further research and industrial efforts are needed to facilitate more widespread use of design for remanufacturing. One crucial factor facilitating design for remanufacturing is the integration of feedback in the product design process. Thus, the objective of this paper is to analyse feedback flows from remanufacturing to product design. Hence, a literature study and multiple case studies were conducted at three companies that design, manufacture and remanufacture different kinds of products. The cross-case analysis revealed the five barriers of the lack of internal awareness, lack of knowledge, lack of incentives, lack of feedback channels and non-supportive organisational structures, and the five enablers of business opportunities, integrated design processes, customers’ demand, laws, regulations and standards, and new technologies. To establish improved feedback from remanufacturing to product design, the barriers need to be addressed and the enablers explored. Thus, improved feedback from remanufacturing to product design will improve the design of future products suited for a more circular economy.
Louise Lindkvist Haziri; Erik Sundin; Tomohiko Sakao. Feedback from Remanufacturing: Its Unexploited Potential to Improve Future Product Design. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4037 .
AMA StyleLouise Lindkvist Haziri, Erik Sundin, Tomohiko Sakao. Feedback from Remanufacturing: Its Unexploited Potential to Improve Future Product Design. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (15):4037.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLouise Lindkvist Haziri; Erik Sundin; Tomohiko Sakao. 2019. "Feedback from Remanufacturing: Its Unexploited Potential to Improve Future Product Design." Sustainability 11, no. 15: 4037.
Remanufacturing has gained attention from industry, but the literature lacks the scientific comprehension to realize efficient remanufacturing. This hinders a company from commencing or improving remanufacturing efficiently. To fill this gap, the paper proposes a set of practical success factors for remanufacturing. To do so, it analyzes remanufacturing practices in industry through interviews with staff from remanufacturing companies with long experience. The practical success factors are found to be (1) addressing product and component value, (2) having a customer-oriented operation, (3) having an efficient core acquisition, (4) obtaining the correct information, and (5) having the right staff competence. Next, the paper further analyzes remanufacturing processes theoretically with both cause and effect analysis and means-ends analysis. Since the factors show that, among other things, the product/service system (PSS) is highly relevant to remanufacturing in multiple ways, theories on the PSS are partly utilized. As a result, the distinctive nature of remanufacturing underlying in the processes is found to have high variability, high uncertainty and, thus, also complexity. The obtained insights from practice and theory are found to support each other. In addition, a fishbone diagram for remanufacturing is proposed based on the analysis, including seven m's, adding two new m's (marketing and maintenance) on top of the traditional five m's (measurement, material, human, method, and machine) in order to improve customer value. The major contribution of the paper lies in its insights, which are grounded in both theory and practice.
Tomohiko Sakao; Erik Sundin. How to Improve Remanufacturing?—A Systematic Analysis of Practices and Theories. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 2018, 141, 1 .
AMA StyleTomohiko Sakao, Erik Sundin. How to Improve Remanufacturing?—A Systematic Analysis of Practices and Theories. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. 2018; 141 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomohiko Sakao; Erik Sundin. 2018. "How to Improve Remanufacturing?—A Systematic Analysis of Practices and Theories." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 141, no. 2: 1.
A key process in a closed-loop supply chain is managing and challenging the transportation and packaging management. Strict environmental regulations in connection with transport of environmentally hazardous substances (e.g. oil) are offering a high cost-saving potential in connection with an optimised transportation and packaging concept. The aim of this case orientated paper is to provide the framework for the management of reverse flow of materials in automotive industry. The emphasis is placed on the remanufacturing activities. To obtain and verify the necessary information for the above mentioned problems, different methods and techniques have been applied: 1) Relevant, available literature in connection with this matter was studied; 2) Data and documents was requested directly by relevant market actors; 3) The clustered data was analysed and samples were highlighted; and 4) The data was evaluated and recommended courses of action were given. The results show that the main problems appear in the area of forward and reverse logistics: Packaging concepts which do not protect the product in an optimal way (forward / reverse logistics). Moreover, packaging concepts which do not protect the environment against potential negative influence of a used part (reverse logistics) A best practice for the transportation of engine components is given and evaluated: An engine in a metal frame with oil-pan. Securely attached by bolts. Packed in plastic bag.
Robert Casper; Erik Sundin. Reverse Logistic Transportation and Packaging Concepts in Automotive Remanufacturing. Procedia Manufacturing 2018, 25, 154 -160.
AMA StyleRobert Casper, Erik Sundin. Reverse Logistic Transportation and Packaging Concepts in Automotive Remanufacturing. Procedia Manufacturing. 2018; 25 ():154-160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Casper; Erik Sundin. 2018. "Reverse Logistic Transportation and Packaging Concepts in Automotive Remanufacturing." Procedia Manufacturing 25, no. : 154-160.
Automotive remanufacturing companies are nowadays facing a wide range of challenges. Typical challenges from the point of view of suppliers, producers and customers. Several process steps are analysed and problem fields are dissected: From the core management, to disassembly and cleaning to machining and testing. The main fields of challenges analysed in this paper are: the vagueness in respect of fiscal value, environmental regulations and taxation of core parts, the important need for a continuing qualification of staff and engineers, an efficient core management, the adaption of pricing models and the competence to handle the growing variety and complexity. The focus of this analysis lies on activities of the independent after-market (IAM) for remanufactured products.
Robert Casper; Erik Sundin. Addressing Today’s challenges in automotive remanufacturing. Journal of Remanufacturing 2018, 8, 93 -102.
AMA StyleRobert Casper, Erik Sundin. Addressing Today’s challenges in automotive remanufacturing. Journal of Remanufacturing. 2018; 8 (3):93-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Casper; Erik Sundin. 2018. "Addressing Today’s challenges in automotive remanufacturing." Journal of Remanufacturing 8, no. 3: 93-102.
Jelena Kurilova-Palisaitiene; Erik Sundin; Bonnie Poksinska. Remanufacturing challenges and possible lean improvements. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 172, 3225 -3236.
AMA StyleJelena Kurilova-Palisaitiene, Erik Sundin, Bonnie Poksinska. Remanufacturing challenges and possible lean improvements. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 172 ():3225-3236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJelena Kurilova-Palisaitiene; Erik Sundin; Bonnie Poksinska. 2018. "Remanufacturing challenges and possible lean improvements." Journal of Cleaner Production 172, no. : 3225-3236.
The overall aim of this paper is to draw combined, all-embracing conclusions based on a long-term multidisciplinary research programme on recycling centres in Sweden, focussing on working conditions, environment and system performance. A second aim is to give recommendations for their development of new and existing recycling centres and to discuss implications for the future design and organisation. Several opportunities for improvement of recycling centres were identified, such as design, layout, ease with which users could sort their waste, the work environment, conflicting needs and goals within the industry, and industrialisation. Combining all results from the research, which consisted of different disciplinary aspects, made it possible to analyse and elucidate their interrelations. Waste sorting quality was recognized as the most prominent improvement field in the recycling centre system. The research identified the importance of involving stakeholders with different perspectives when planning a recycling centre in order to get functionality and high performance. Practical proposals of how to plan and build recycling centres are given in a detailed checklist.
I.-L. Engkvist; J. Eklund; J. Krook; M. Björkman; E. Sundin. Perspectives on recycling centres and future developments. Applied Ergonomics 2016, 57, 17 -27.
AMA StyleI.-L. Engkvist, J. Eklund, J. Krook, M. Björkman, E. Sundin. Perspectives on recycling centres and future developments. Applied Ergonomics. 2016; 57 ():17-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI.-L. Engkvist; J. Eklund; J. Krook; M. Björkman; E. Sundin. 2016. "Perspectives on recycling centres and future developments." Applied Ergonomics 57, no. : 17-27.
Sara Nilsson; Jonas Jensen; Mats Björkman; Erik Sundin. 11 Rules of Design for Manufacturing when Producing Pre-Impregnated Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Components - an Application at SAAB Aerostructures. SAE Technical Paper Series 2016, 1, 1 .
AMA StyleSara Nilsson, Jonas Jensen, Mats Björkman, Erik Sundin. 11 Rules of Design for Manufacturing when Producing Pre-Impregnated Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Components - an Application at SAAB Aerostructures. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2016; 1 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Nilsson; Jonas Jensen; Mats Björkman; Erik Sundin. 2016. "11 Rules of Design for Manufacturing when Producing Pre-Impregnated Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Components - an Application at SAAB Aerostructures." SAE Technical Paper Series 1, no. : 1.
Louise Lindkvist; Erik Sundin. Analysing the Service Information Transfer in the Service Development Process at Two Automotive Companies. Procedia CIRP 2016, 48, 51 -56.
AMA StyleLouise Lindkvist, Erik Sundin. Analysing the Service Information Transfer in the Service Development Process at Two Automotive Companies. Procedia CIRP. 2016; 48 ():51-56.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLouise Lindkvist; Erik Sundin. 2016. "Analysing the Service Information Transfer in the Service Development Process at Two Automotive Companies." Procedia CIRP 48, no. : 51-56.
Louise Lindkvist; Erik Sundin. The role of Product-service Systems Regarding Information Feedback Transfer in the Product Life-cycle Including Remanufacturing. Procedia CIRP 2016, 47, 311 -316.
AMA StyleLouise Lindkvist, Erik Sundin. The role of Product-service Systems Regarding Information Feedback Transfer in the Product Life-cycle Including Remanufacturing. Procedia CIRP. 2016; 47 ():311-316.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLouise Lindkvist; Erik Sundin. 2016. "The role of Product-service Systems Regarding Information Feedback Transfer in the Product Life-cycle Including Remanufacturing." Procedia CIRP 47, no. : 311-316.
Core acquisition is essential for the success of remanufacturing business. To describe the current status of the quantitative research in Core Acquisition Management and to indicate possible future research directions, a literature review is conducted in this paper about the quantitative modeling in Core Acquisition Management research area. The activities included in Core Acquisition Management are categorized into topics such as acquisition control, forecasting return, return strategies, quality classification and reverse channel design. While most of the studies focus on acquisition control, studies on return strategies and return forecast are relatively limited. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the research papers according to the key assumptions such as, hybrid/non-hybrid remanufacturing systems, acquisition functions, quality classification methods and perfect/imperfect substitutions. In conclusion, studies based on the assumptions of non-hybrid remanufacturing systems and imperfect substitution should gain more attentions, since these situations frequently occur in practice but are less investigated in the existing literature. In addition, empirical validation of the various forms of the acquisition function (relations between acquisition incentives and acquisition volume) should be important for further investigations
Shuoguo Wei; Ou Tang; Erik Sundin. Core (product) Acquisition Management for remanufacturing: a review. Journal of Remanufacturing 2015, 5, 4 .
AMA StyleShuoguo Wei, Ou Tang, Erik Sundin. Core (product) Acquisition Management for remanufacturing: a review. Journal of Remanufacturing. 2015; 5 (1):4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuoguo Wei; Ou Tang; Erik Sundin. 2015. "Core (product) Acquisition Management for remanufacturing: a review." Journal of Remanufacturing 5, no. 1: 4.