The motor drive system plays a significant role in the safety of electric vehicles as a bridge for power transmission. Meanwhile, to enhance the efficiency and stability of the drive system, more and more studies based on AI technology are devoted to the fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of the motor drive system. This article reviews the application of AI techniques in motor FDD in recent years. AI-based FDD is divided into two main steps: feature extraction and fault classification. The application of different signal processing methods in feature extraction is discussed. In particular, the application of traditional machine learning and deep learning algorithms for fault classification is presented in detail. In addition, the characteristics of all techniques reviewed are summarized. Finally, the latest developments, research gaps, and future challenges in fault monitoring and diagnosis of motor faults are discussed.

The turbocharged diesel engine is a typical multi-input multioutput system with strong couplings, actuator constraints, and fast dynamics. This paper addresses the exhaust emission regulation in turbocharged diesel engines using an explicit model predictive control (EMPC) approach, which allows tracking of the time-varying setpoint values generated by the supervisory level controller while satisfying the actuator constraints. The proposed EMPC framework consists of calibration, engine model identification, controller formulation, and state observer design. The proposed EMPC approach has a low computation requirement and is suitable for implementation in the engine control unit on board. The experimental results on a turbocharged Cat C6.6 diesel engine demonstrate that the EMPC controller significantly improves the tracking performance of the exhaust emission variables in comparison with the decoupled single-input single-output control methods.

Nuclear power plants (NPPs) are complex dynamic systems with multiple sensors and actuators. The presence of faults in the actuators and sensors can deteriorate the system’s performance and cause serious safety issues. This calls for the development of fault detection and diagnosis systems for detection and isolation of such faults. In this study, fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) based on neural networks (NN) and K-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm is applied to a pressurized water reactor (PWR). Fault detection is first determined based on the NN. Second, the KNN algorithm is used to classify the faults. The proposed approach is capable of classifying a variety of actuator faults, sensor faults, and multiple simultaneous actuator and sensor faults. A set of simulation results is provided to demonstrate the accuracy of the FDD method. The classifier performance is further compared with other machine learning techniques.

Electric powertrain is constituted by electric machine transmission unit, inverter and battery packs, etc., is a highly-integrated system. Its reliability and safety are not only related to industrial costs, but more importantly to the safety of human life. This review is the first contribution to comprehensively summarize both the feature engineering methods and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (including machine learning, neural networks and deep learning) in electric powertrain condition monitoring and fault diagnosis approaches. Specifically, this paper systematically divides the AI-supported method into two main steps: feature engineering and AI approach. On the one hand, it introduces the data and feature processing in AI-supported methods, and on the other hand it summarizes input signals, feature methods and AI algorithms included in the AI method in cases. Therefore, firstly this review is to guide how to choose the appropriate feature engineering method in further research. Secondly, the up-to-date AI algorithms adopted for powertrain health monitoring are presented in detail. Finally, such current approaches are discussed and future trends are proposed.

This work proposes adaptive control-based design strategies to control a pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant (NPP). An L ₁ -adaptive-based state-feedback control technique is proposed using the linear quadratic Gaussian control and projection-based adaptation laws. The control scheme possesses good robustness capabilities in handling disturbances and uncertainties. A robust L ₁ -adaptive control technique is also proposed by combining the L ₁ -adaptive control with the loop transfer recovery (LTR) technology. The framework hence gives the strengthened robust set-point tracking performance given the matched and unmatched uncertainties and disturbances. The NPP model employed in this article is defined by five inputs, five outputs, and 38 state variables. A linear model for controller design is obtained by linearizing the nonlinear NPP model at operating conditions. Various simulations are carried out on subsystems of the NPP to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Numerical and statistical measures are computed for quantitative analysis of the controllers' performance. Several classical control design techniques are also implemented, and their performance is compared with the proposed adaptive control techniques.

Electric powertrain used in electric vehicles (EVs), which is constituted by motor, transmission unit, inverter and battery packs, etc., is a highly-integrated system. Its reliability and safety are not only related to industrial costs, but more importantly to the safety of human life. This review contributes to comprehensively summarizing artificial intelligence (AI)-based/AI-supported approaches in EV powertrain condition monitoring and fault diagnosis that can be used in EV applications. The application of AI on PE in EV is a new attempt, which can solve many issues with better performance than traditional methods, and even achieve functions that the conventional methods cannot achieve. This paper thoroughly discusses the motivation, advantages, limitations, and challenges associated with AI-supported methods through case summaries, classification, comparisons, and quantitative analyses between conventional and AI-based approaches. Furthermore, the review concludes by proposing forward-looking future trends in this field.