The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of classroom-based Brain Breaks® Physical Activity Solution in Southeast Asia Singaporean primary school students and their attitude towards physical activity (PA) over a ten-week intervention. A total of 113 participants (8–11 years old) were randomly assigned to either an experimental (EG) or a control group (CG), with six classes to each group; the Brain Breaks® group (EG: six classes) and the Control group (CG: six classes). All EG members participated in a Brain Breaks® video intervention (three–five min) during academic classes and the CG continued their lessons as per normal. The student’s attitudes towards PA in both research conditions were evaluated using the self–reported Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale (APAS), applied before and after intervention. The effects of the intervention on APAS scores were analysed using a mixed model analysis of variance with Time as within-subject and Group as between-subject factors. The analysis revealed evidence in support of the positive effect of classroom video interventions such as Brain Breaks® on student’s attitudes toward benefits, importance, learning, self-efficacy, fun, fitness, and trying to do their personal best in PA. The Brain Breaks® intervention provided a positive significant impact on students in Singapore. This study also revealed that interactive technology tools implemented into the school curriculum benefit students in terms of health and education.
Most studies have shown that athletes use deep heat cream for rehabilitative and pain‐relief purposes for pre‐, post‐ and during exercise. However, limited studies have indicated the effects of deep heat on enhancing aerobic performance. Purpose: To determine whether the application of deep heat cream on the skin before exercise will allow individuals to prolong the duration of their aerobic activity. Methods: Nine healthy male participants ((age: 23.78 ± 1.20 years, height: 1.71 ± 0.08 m, weight (WT): 65.53 ± 8.14 kg, body mass index (BMI): 22.43 ± 2.30 kg·m ‐2 , 80% of maximal oxygen consumption(80%VO 2max ): 25.35 ± 10.32 mL·kg ‐1 ·min ‐1 )) who engaged in aerobic exercise at least 3 times a week participated in this study. All participants underwent an incremental cycling test to determine VO 2max . Subsequently, they completed two treatment tests – deep heat application (DH) and placebo cream application (PC). Each treatment required the participants to cycle at their 80%VO 2max workload (175.56 ± 17.40 W) until volitional exhaustion. The time‐to‐exhaustion (TE) was recorded. Polar heart rate (HR) transmitters were used to measure HR and participants rated their rate of perceived exertion (RPE) using Borg's RPE scale. HR and RPE were recorded throughout both DH and PC. Using a power of 0.90, an a of 0.05, and an effect size of 0.9, it was determined that a minimum of 9 participants were required to test interaction effects. Results: Results indicated no significant differences between both tests for last stage of HR (LSHR) and RPE (LSHR: DH: 170.00 ± 17.46 beats·min ‐1 vs. PC: 167.63 ± 20.09 beats·min ‐1 , p = 0.63; RPE: DH: 18.88 ± 1.89 vs. PC: 18.25 ± 1.28, p = 0.42). There were positive significant correlations between WT and BMI (WT: 65.53 ± 8.14 kg vs. BMI: 22.43 ± 2.30 kg·m ‐2 , r = 0.71, p = 0.03); DH LSHR and DH TE (DH LSHR : 172.44 ± 17.90 beats·min ‐1 vs. DH TE : 510.22 ± 231.66 secs, r = 0.85, p = 0.00); PC LSHR and PC TE (PC LSHR : 167.63 ± 20.09 beats·min ‐1 vs. PC TE : 391.67 ± 211.44 secs, r = 0.82, p = 0.01). There was also significant difference between DH TE and PC TE (DH TE : 510.22 ± 231.66 secs vs. PC TE : 391.67 ± 211.44 secs, p = 0.02). Conclusion: The application of deep heat cream before exercise has shown to significantly improve endurance performance. Athletes or sports enthusiasts may consider using deep heat before exercise to achieve optimal endurance performance. More studies are needed to explore the benefits of the application of deep heat on exercise performance.
About Me
Physical educator, sports scientist researcher and coach.
Physical educator, sports scientist researcher and coach.