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Prior work suggests that feeling small relative to nature (Nature-Self Size; NSS) and inclusion of nature in the self-concept (INS) are both associated with more pro-environmental attitudes. The present experiment asked whether exposure to stimuli eliciting awe—an emotion often evoked by extraordinary panoramic views of nature, characterized by subjective experience of “small self” and modulation of reliance on stored concepts—leads to increased NSS and/or INS, thereby promoting pro-environmental policy attitudes. Participants in this online experiment were randomly assigned to view photographs of extraordinary panoramic nature scenes, prosaic nature images, desirable foods, or neutral scenes before completing measures of INS, NSS, and support for environmental conservation policies. Analyses revealed that INS significantly mediated the effects of exposure to panoramic nature scenes (versus a neutral control) on pro-environmental policy attitudes; however, the same effect was observed for the prosaic nature and tasty foods images. Results suggest that exposure to awe-eliciting stimuli can promote pro-environmental attitudes via modulation of the self-concept, but this may be due to pleasant affect rather than awe per se. Future research with real-life stimuli and longitudinal designs is needed to further examine the lasting effects of awe and other emotional states on the self-concept and associated environmental attitudes.
Lauren Ambrose; Adi Wiezel; Erika Pages; Michelle Shiota. Images of Nature, Nature-Self Representation, and Environmental Attitudes. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8025 .
AMA StyleLauren Ambrose, Adi Wiezel, Erika Pages, Michelle Shiota. Images of Nature, Nature-Self Representation, and Environmental Attitudes. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):8025.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLauren Ambrose; Adi Wiezel; Erika Pages; Michelle Shiota. 2021. "Images of Nature, Nature-Self Representation, and Environmental Attitudes." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 8025.
Affect and emotion have potent motivational properties that can be leveraged to promote desirable behavior change. Although interventions often employ fear appeals in an effort to motivate change, both theory and a growing body of empirical evidence suggest that positive affect and emotions can promote change by serving as proximal rewards for desired behaviors. This article reviews examples of such efforts in the domains of healthy diet and exercise, prosocial behavior, and pro-environmental behavior, documenting the strong potential offered by behavioral interventions using this approach. The extent to which positive affect experience prospectively drives behavior change (as distinct from rewarding the desired behavior) is less clear. However, a variety of possible indirect pathways involving incidental effects of positive affect and specific positive emotions deserve rigorous future study.
Michelle N Shiota; Esther K Papies; Stephanie D Preston; Disa A Sauter. Positive affect and behavior change. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 2021, 39, 222 -228.
AMA StyleMichelle N Shiota, Esther K Papies, Stephanie D Preston, Disa A Sauter. Positive affect and behavior change. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 2021; 39 ():222-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichelle N Shiota; Esther K Papies; Stephanie D Preston; Disa A Sauter. 2021. "Positive affect and behavior change." Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 39, no. : 222-228.
Positive affect and emotion have become major topics in behavioral science, of growing importance in basic and applied research. A broad review of the literature reveals multiple, theoretically distinct constructs associated with the terms ‘positive affect’ and ‘positive emotion,’ sometimes conflated across this body of work. This article differentiates three primary constructs — subjectively pleasant affect; approach or appetitive motivation; and emotion states evoked by opportunities and rewards in the environment — and summarizes the major theoretical perspective with which each is intertwined. While these versions of positivity often coincide in lived emotional experience, we highlight examples of divergence, and discuss dynamic ways in which they influence each other. Distinct cognitive, physiological, and behavioral mechanisms by which each version of positivity may produce downstream effects are discussed, as is the importance of selecting and operationalizing the target construct with care in both basic affective science and translational research.
Michelle N Shiota; Disa A Sauter; Pieter Ma Desmet. What are ‘positive’ affect and emotion? Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 2021, 39, 142 -146.
AMA StyleMichelle N Shiota, Disa A Sauter, Pieter Ma Desmet. What are ‘positive’ affect and emotion? Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 2021; 39 ():142-146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichelle N Shiota; Disa A Sauter; Pieter Ma Desmet. 2021. "What are ‘positive’ affect and emotion?" Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 39, no. : 142-146.
The human mind is unique in its ability to form, store, and manipulate elaborate conceptual models of the world; yet these models have vast, inevitable gaps. Where the models end, the potential for wonder and awe begins. Psychology research has begun to uncover distinctive implications of awe for how we perceive our environment and ourselves. More science investigating basic features of awe is needed to fulfill its promise for improving the human experience. Awe, accessible in everyday life, can be a valuable tool for enhancing well‐being.
Michelle N. Shiota. Awe, wonder, and the human mind. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMichelle N. Shiota. Awe, wonder, and the human mind. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichelle N. Shiota. 2021. "Awe, wonder, and the human mind." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , no. : 1.
The Family Bereavement Program (FBP) is a family-based intervention for parentally bereaved children and surviving caregivers. Results are reported of a randomized controlled trial, examining intervention effects on emotional reactivity and regulation of young adults who participated in the program 15 years earlier. Participants (N = 152) completed four emotion challenge tasks: reactivity to negative images, detached reappraisal while viewing negative images, positive reappraisal while viewing negative images, and reengagement with positive images. Outcomes included cardiac interbeat interval (IBI), pre-ejection period (PEP), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) as well as self-reported emotional experience and regulation effectiveness. Direct intervention effects and effects mediated through improved parenting were estimated. Several significant effects were observed in primary analyses; however, none remained significant after correction for familywise Type I error. Parenting mediated FBP effects on IBI during negative reactivity (b = 15.04), and on RSA during positive reengagement (b = 0.35); the latter effect was accounted for by changes in breathing. Intervention condition was a direct predictor of self-reported detached reappraisal effectiveness (b = 1.00). Intervention and gender interacted in predicting self-reported negative emotion during the negative reactivity (b = 1.04) and positive reappraisal tasks (b = 1.31) such that intervention-condition men reported more negative emotions during those tasks. Although these findings should be considered preliminary given the limited power of the corrected statistical tests, they suggest long-term effects of family intervention following the death of a parent on offspring’s emotional reactivity and regulation ability that should be pursued further in future research.
Alexander F. Danvers; Brandon G. Scott; Michelle N. Shiota; Jenn-Yun Tein; Sharlene A. Wolchik; Irwin I. Sandler. Effects of Therapeutic Intervention on Parentally Bereaved Children’s Emotion Reactivity and Regulation 15 Years Later. Prevention Science 2020, 21, 1017 -1027.
AMA StyleAlexander F. Danvers, Brandon G. Scott, Michelle N. Shiota, Jenn-Yun Tein, Sharlene A. Wolchik, Irwin I. Sandler. Effects of Therapeutic Intervention on Parentally Bereaved Children’s Emotion Reactivity and Regulation 15 Years Later. Prevention Science. 2020; 21 (8):1017-1027.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander F. Danvers; Brandon G. Scott; Michelle N. Shiota; Jenn-Yun Tein; Sharlene A. Wolchik; Irwin I. Sandler. 2020. "Effects of Therapeutic Intervention on Parentally Bereaved Children’s Emotion Reactivity and Regulation 15 Years Later." Prevention Science 21, no. 8: 1017-1027.
Gratitude is positively associated with health and well-being. Past studies of gratitude have primarily focused on the distinct cultural context of European Americans. The current studies aimed to extend gratitude research to Latino and East Asian Americans, 2 collectivistic contexts known to differently value positive emotions. Two studies explored whether Latino and East Asian Americans varied in gratitude experience and whether the disposition toward gratitude was associated with well-being for both. In Study 1, participants completed measures of the emotional experience and expression of gratitude. Latino Americans rated the desirability, appropriateness, frequency, and intensity of their gratitude experience-expression higher than did East Asian Americans. Moreover, European Americans' gratitude experience and expression was similar to those of Latino Americans and higher than those of East Asian Americans. In Study 2, participants completed measures of gratitude disposition and indicators of well-being. Latino Americans reported a higher disposition toward gratitude than did East Asian Americans. Higher disposition toward gratitude was associated with higher self-esteem and with less loneliness and perceived stress across groups. However, the strength of the association of gratitude with subjective health and depressive symptoms varied by group in theoretically expected ways. The promising possibilities of extending research on gratitude to culturally diverse groups is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Karina Corona; Nicole Senft; Belinda Campos; Chuansheng Chen; Michelle Shiota; Yulia E. Chentsova-Dutton. Ethnic variation in gratitude and well-being. Emotion 2020, 20, 518 -524.
AMA StyleKarina Corona, Nicole Senft, Belinda Campos, Chuansheng Chen, Michelle Shiota, Yulia E. Chentsova-Dutton. Ethnic variation in gratitude and well-being. Emotion. 2020; 20 (3):518-524.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarina Corona; Nicole Senft; Belinda Campos; Chuansheng Chen; Michelle Shiota; Yulia E. Chentsova-Dutton. 2020. "Ethnic variation in gratitude and well-being." Emotion 20, no. 3: 518-524.
Emotion values vary within and between individualistic and collectivistic cultural contexts. The form of collectivism prevalent in Latin America emphasizes simpatía, a cultural model that stresses the relational benefits of positivity but also the costs of negativity. This model was predicted to engender a pattern of emotion values distinct from that of the more commonly studied collectivist group, people of Asian heritage (PAH), among whom an emphasis on moderating positive and negative emotions is typically observed, and from people of European heritage (PEH), among whom authenticity in emotions is typically valued. College students of Latino (n = 659), Asian (n = 446), and European (n = 456) heritage living in the United States completed a study examining positive and negative emotion values. Mixed-model analysis of variance that included interactions among culture, emotion valence (positive, negative), value type (desirability, appropriateness), and response type (experience, expression) suggested distinct patterns of emotion values across groups. People of Latino heritage (PLH) rated positive emotions as more desirable and appropriate to experience and express than PAH (ps < .001) but less desirable and appropriate to experience and express than PEH (ps ≤ .001). PLH also rated negative emotions as more undesirable (ps < .001) but similarly inappropriate to experience and express (ps > .05) compared with PAH and as similarly undesirable (ps > .05) but more inappropriate to experience (p < .001) compared with PEH. The emotion-value pattern that emerged was largely consistent with simpatía for PLH and provides new evidence of similarity and variation in emotion values in three distinct contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Nicole Senft; Belinda Campos; Michelle N. Shiota; Yulia E. Chentsova-Dutton. Who emphasizes positivity? An exploration of emotion values in people of Latino, Asian, and European heritage living in the United States. Emotion 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleNicole Senft, Belinda Campos, Michelle N. Shiota, Yulia E. Chentsova-Dutton. Who emphasizes positivity? An exploration of emotion values in people of Latino, Asian, and European heritage living in the United States. Emotion. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicole Senft; Belinda Campos; Michelle N. Shiota; Yulia E. Chentsova-Dutton. 2020. "Who emphasizes positivity? An exploration of emotion values in people of Latino, Asian, and European heritage living in the United States." Emotion , no. : 1.
Responding prosocially to the emotion of others may become increasingly important in late life, especially as partners and friends encounter a growing number of losses, challenges, and declines. Facial expressions are important avenues for communicating empathy and concern, and for signaling that help is forthcoming when needed. In a study of young, middle-aged, and older adults, we measured emotional responses (facial expressions, subjective experience, and physiological activation) to a sad, distressing film clip and a happy, uplifting film clip. Results revealed that, relative to younger adults, older adults showed more sadness and confusion/concern facial expressions during the distressing film clip. Moreover, for older adults only, more sadness and fewer disgust facial expressions during the distressing film clip were associated with higher levels of relational connectedness. These findings remained stable when accounting for subjective emotional experience, physiological activation, and trait empathy in response to the film clip. When examining the uplifting film clip, older adults showed more happiness facial expressions relative to younger adults at trend levels. More facial expressions of happiness were associated with higher levels of relational connectedness, but unlike the effect of sadness expressions, this was not moderated by age. These findings underscore an important adaptive social function of facial expressions-particularly in response to the distress of others-in late life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Sandy J. Lwi; Claudia M. Haase; Michelle N. Shiota; Scott L. Newton; Robert W. Levenson. Responding to the emotions of others: Age differences in facial expressions and age-specific associations with relational connectedness. Emotion 2019, 19, 1437 -1449.
AMA StyleSandy J. Lwi, Claudia M. Haase, Michelle N. Shiota, Scott L. Newton, Robert W. Levenson. Responding to the emotions of others: Age differences in facial expressions and age-specific associations with relational connectedness. Emotion. 2019; 19 (8):1437-1449.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandy J. Lwi; Claudia M. Haase; Michelle N. Shiota; Scott L. Newton; Robert W. Levenson. 2019. "Responding to the emotions of others: Age differences in facial expressions and age-specific associations with relational connectedness." Emotion 19, no. 8: 1437-1449.
Considerable research indicates that individuals with dementia have deficits in the ability to recognize emotion in other people. The present study examined ability to detect emotional qualities of objects. Fifty-two patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 18 patients awaiting surgery for intractable epilepsy, and 159 healthy controls completed a newly developed test of ability to recognize emotional qualities of art (music and paintings), and pleasantness in simple sensory stimuli (tactile, olfactory, auditory), and to make aesthetic judgments (geometric shapes, room décor). A subset of participants also completed a test of ability to recognize emotions in other people. Patients with FTD showed a marked deficit in ability to recognize the emotions conveyed in art, compared with both healthy individuals and patients with AD (relative to controls, deficits in patients with AD only approached significance). This deficit remained robust after controlling for FTD patients' ability to recognize pleasantness in simple sensory stimuli, make aesthetic judgments, identify odors, and identify emotions in other people. Neither FTD nor AD patients showed deficits in recognizing pleasant sensory stimuli or making aesthetic judgments. Exploratory analysis of patients with epilepsy revealed no deficits in any of these domains. Patients with FTD (but not AD) showed a significant, specific deficit in ability to interpret emotional messages in art, echoing FTD-related deficits in recognizing emotions in other people. This finding adds to our understanding of the impact these diseases have on the lives of patients and their caregivers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Michelle N. Shiota; Michaela L. Simpson; Heidi E. Kirsch; Robert W. Levenson. Emotion recognition in objects in patients with neurological disease. Neuropsychology 2019, 33, 1163 -1173.
AMA StyleMichelle N. Shiota, Michaela L. Simpson, Heidi E. Kirsch, Robert W. Levenson. Emotion recognition in objects in patients with neurological disease. Neuropsychology. 2019; 33 (8):1163-1173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichelle N. Shiota; Michaela L. Simpson; Heidi E. Kirsch; Robert W. Levenson. 2019. "Emotion recognition in objects in patients with neurological disease." Neuropsychology 33, no. 8: 1163-1173.
Caregiving for one’s offspring and young kin facilitates the evolutionary goal of successful reproduction. In this chapter we define an emotional state of nurturant love, elicited by cues of cuteness and helplessness, which activates a suite of physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes facilitating caregiving toward the eliciting target. We review the literature pertaining to the elicitors and function of nurturant love, compare and contrast this emotion to other affective states that may promote caregiving, discuss empirical evidence regarding the properties and behavioral consequences of nurturant love, and conclude with potential future directions for research in this area.
Makenzie J. O’Neil; Alexander F. Danvers; Michelle N. Shiota. Nurturant Love and Caregiving Emotions. The Function of Emotions 2018, 175 -193.
AMA StyleMakenzie J. O’Neil, Alexander F. Danvers, Michelle N. Shiota. Nurturant Love and Caregiving Emotions. The Function of Emotions. 2018; ():175-193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMakenzie J. O’Neil; Alexander F. Danvers; Michelle N. Shiota. 2018. "Nurturant Love and Caregiving Emotions." The Function of Emotions , no. : 175-193.
Smiling has been conceptualized as a signal of cooperative intent, yet smiles are easy to fake. We suggest that contextually appropriate, dynamically engaged smiling imposes an attentional cost, thereby making engaged smiling a plausible “honest signal” of cooperative intent. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed data from 123 pairs of same-sex strangers having “getting-to-know-you” conversations who subsequently played a one-shot prisoner's dilemma together. We calculated the strength of engagement in smiling using a cross-lagged auto-regressive model for dyadic data. We found that when an individual's partner (the signaler) tended to smile in a more responsive way, that individual (the receiver) was more likely to cooperate. Conversely, when a signaler tended to smile in a less responsive way, the receiver was less likely to cooperate. These effects were present over-and-above the effects of average levels of smiling and self-reported liking, which also predicted likelihood of cooperation. However, dynamically engaged smiling did not predict cooperation on the part of the signaler, suggesting that receivers weight the importance of engagement more highly than they should, or even that engaged smiling might be a manipulative display. These results illustrate how conversational dynamics can influence evolutionary signaling.
Alexander F. Danvers; Michelle N. Shiota. Dynamically engaged smiling predicts cooperation above and beyond average smiling levels. Evolution and Human Behavior 2018, 39, 112 -119.
AMA StyleAlexander F. Danvers, Michelle N. Shiota. Dynamically engaged smiling predicts cooperation above and beyond average smiling levels. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2018; 39 (1):112-119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander F. Danvers; Michelle N. Shiota. 2018. "Dynamically engaged smiling predicts cooperation above and beyond average smiling levels." Evolution and Human Behavior 39, no. 1: 112-119.
Smiling has been conceptualized as a signal of cooperative intent, yet smiles are easy to fake. We suggest that contextually appropriate, dynamically engaged smiling imposes an attentional cost, thereby making engaged smiling a plausible “honest signal” of cooperative intent. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed data from 123 pairs of same-sex strangers having “getting-to-know-you” conversations who subsequently played a one-shot prisoner’s dilemma together. We calculated the strength of engagement in smiling using a cross-lagged auto-regressive model for dyadic data. We found that when an individual’s partner (the signaler) tended to smile in a more responsive way, that individual (the receiver) was more likely to cooperate. Conversely, when a signaler tended to smile in a less responsive way, the receiver was less likely to cooperate. These effects were present over-and-above the effects of average levels of smiling and self-reported liking, which also predicted likelihood of cooperation. However, dynamically engaged smiling did not predict cooperation on the part of the signaler, suggesting that receivers weight the importance of engagement more highly than they should, or even that engaged smiling might be a manipulative display. These results illustrate how conversational dynamics can influence evolutionary signaling.
Alexander Francois Danvers; Michelle N. Shiota. Dynamically Engaged Smiling Predicts Cooperation Above and Beyond Average Smiling Levels. 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleAlexander Francois Danvers, Michelle N. Shiota. Dynamically Engaged Smiling Predicts Cooperation Above and Beyond Average Smiling Levels. . 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander Francois Danvers; Michelle N. Shiota. 2017. "Dynamically Engaged Smiling Predicts Cooperation Above and Beyond Average Smiling Levels." , no. : 1.
While trait positive emotionality and state positive-valence affect have long been the subject of intense study, the importance of differentiating among several "discrete" positive emotions has only recently begun to receive serious attention. In this article, we synthesize existing literature on positive emotion differentiation, proposing that the positive emotions are best described as branches of a "family tree" emerging from a common ancestor mediating adaptive management of fitness-critical resources (e.g., food). Examples are presented of research indicating the importance of differentiating several positive emotion constructs. We then offer a new theoretical framework, built upon a foundation of phylogenetic, neuroscience, and behavioral evidence, that accounts for core features as well as mechanisms for differentiation. We propose several directions for future research suggested by this framework and develop implications for the application of positive emotion research to translational issues in clinical psychology and the science of behavior change. (PsycINFO Database Record
Michelle N. Shiota; Belinda Campos; Christopher Oveis; Matthew J. Hertenstein; Emiliana Simon-Thomas; Dacher Keltner. Beyond happiness: Building a science of discrete positive emotions. American Psychologist 2017, 72, 617 -643.
AMA StyleMichelle N. Shiota, Belinda Campos, Christopher Oveis, Matthew J. Hertenstein, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Dacher Keltner. Beyond happiness: Building a science of discrete positive emotions. American Psychologist. 2017; 72 (7):617-643.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichelle N. Shiota; Belinda Campos; Christopher Oveis; Matthew J. Hertenstein; Emiliana Simon-Thomas; Dacher Keltner. 2017. "Beyond happiness: Building a science of discrete positive emotions." American Psychologist 72, no. 7: 617-643.
People often filter their experience of new events through knowledge they already have; for example, encoding new events by relying on prototypical event "scripts" at the expense of actual details. Previous research suggests that positive affect often increases this tendency. Three studies assessed whether awe-an emotion elicited by perceived vastness, and thought to promote cognitive accommodation-has the opposite effect, reducing rather than increasing reliance on event scripts. True/false questions on details of a short story about a romantic dinner were used to determine whether awe (a) reduces the tendency to impute script-consistent but false details into memory, and/or (b) promotes memory of unexpected details. Across studies we consistently found support for the first effect; evidence for the second was less consistent. Effects were partially mediated by subjective awe, and independent of other aspects of subjective affect. Results suggest that awe reduces reliance on internal knowledge in processing new events. (PsycINFO Database Record
Alexander F. Danvers; Michelle N. Shiota. Going off script: Effects of awe on memory for script-typical and -irrelevant narrative detail. Emotion 2017, 17, 938 -952.
AMA StyleAlexander F. Danvers, Michelle N. Shiota. Going off script: Effects of awe on memory for script-typical and -irrelevant narrative detail. Emotion. 2017; 17 (6):938-952.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander F. Danvers; Michelle N. Shiota. 2017. "Going off script: Effects of awe on memory for script-typical and -irrelevant narrative detail." Emotion 17, no. 6: 938-952.
Discusses recent research on awe, elevation, inspiration, and emotional states leading to self-transcendence.Chapter taken from the Handbook of Positive Emotions, edited by M.M. Tugade, M.N. Shiota, and L.D. Kirby.Posted with permission of Guilford Press.
Michelle N. Shiota; Todd M. Thrash; Alexander Francois Danvers; John T. Dombrowski. Transcending the Self: Awe, Elevation, and Inspiration. 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleMichelle N. Shiota, Todd M. Thrash, Alexander Francois Danvers, John T. Dombrowski. Transcending the Self: Awe, Elevation, and Inspiration. . 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichelle N. Shiota; Todd M. Thrash; Alexander Francois Danvers; John T. Dombrowski. 2017. "Transcending the Self: Awe, Elevation, and Inspiration." , no. : 1.
People often filter their experience of new events through knowledge they already have, e.g., encoding new events by relying on prototypical event “scripts” at the expense of actual details. Previous research suggests that positive affect often increases this tendency. Three studies assessed whether awe—an emotion elicited by perceived vastness, and thought to promote cognitive accommodation—has the opposite effect, reducing rather than increasing reliance on event scripts. True/false questions on details of a short story about a romantic dinner were used to determine whether awe (1) reduces the tendency to impute script-consistent but false details into memory, and/or (2) promotes memory of unexpected details. Across studies we consistently found support for the first effect; evidence for the second was less consistent. Effects were partially mediated by subjective awe, and independent of other aspects of subjective affect. Results suggest that awe reduces reliance on internal knowledge in processing new events.©American Psychological Association, 2017. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000277
Alexander Francois Danvers; Michelle N. Shiota. Going Off Script: Effects of Awe on Memory for Script-Typical and –Irrelevant Narrative Detail. 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleAlexander Francois Danvers, Michelle N. Shiota. Going Off Script: Effects of Awe on Memory for Script-Typical and –Irrelevant Narrative Detail. . 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander Francois Danvers; Michelle N. Shiota. 2017. "Going Off Script: Effects of Awe on Memory for Script-Typical and –Irrelevant Narrative Detail." , no. : 1.
While positive emotion can be conceptualized broadly as a response to the potential for reward, the environment offers different kinds of rewards, and these are best approached in somewhat different ways. A functional approach to positive emotion differentiation distinguishes among several different types of rewards with strong implications for adaptive fitness and posits the existence of “discrete” positive emotions that promote an adaptive response to each reward. A taxonomy of eight positive emotions, dubbed the “PANACEAS” taxonomy based on an acronym of the first letter of each of the eight constructs, is presented as an example of this approach. Positive emotion constructs defined through functional analyses are useful for guiding empirical research, especially for identifying prototypical eliciting stimuli, and generating hypotheses about the implications of different positive emotions for a variety of outcomes. Research findings are reviewed that support the importance of positive emotion differentiation in understanding the effects of positive emotions on cognition, physiology, and behavior. Advantages of the functional approach are discussed, as well as implications of the approach for evaluating major theories of the structure of emotion.This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Shiota, M. N., Neufeld, S. L., Danvers, A. F., Osborne, E. A., Sng, O., & Yee, C. I. (2014). Positive emotion differentiation: A functional approach. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8(3), 104-117.which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/spc3.12092/full. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
Michelle N. Shiota; Samantha L. Neufeld; Alexander Francois Danvers; Elizabeth A. Osborne; Oliver Sng; Claire I. Yee. Positive emotion differentiation: A functional approach. 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleMichelle N. Shiota, Samantha L. Neufeld, Alexander Francois Danvers, Elizabeth A. Osborne, Oliver Sng, Claire I. Yee. Positive emotion differentiation: A functional approach. . 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichelle N. Shiota; Samantha L. Neufeld; Alexander Francois Danvers; Elizabeth A. Osborne; Oliver Sng; Claire I. Yee. 2017. "Positive emotion differentiation: A functional approach." , no. : 1.
This chapter provides an overview of research on positive emotions and autonomic reactivity.The chapter is published in Oxford University Press' "Positive Emotion: Integrating the Light Sides and Dark Sides" edited by J. Gruber and J.T. Moskowitz.
Michelle N. Shiota; Alexander Francois Danvers. Another little piece of my heart: Positive emotions and the autonomic nervous system. 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleMichelle N. Shiota, Alexander Francois Danvers. Another little piece of my heart: Positive emotions and the autonomic nervous system. . 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichelle N. Shiota; Alexander Francois Danvers. 2017. "Another little piece of my heart: Positive emotions and the autonomic nervous system." , no. : 1.
After decades of neglect, positive emotion is now the focus of a rich, diverse, and rapidly growing field. Basic research has advanced understanding of positive emotions’ neural mechanisms, nonverbal expression, and implications for cognition and motivation, with increasing appreciation of positive emotion differentiation, as well as cultural and contextual moderators of positive emotions’ effects. Much research has also addressed ways positive emotions can be leveraged to improve the human condition, and the mechanisms by which interventions have beneficial effects. As always, new knowledge raises more questions, and we still have a long way to go before the promise of this field can be fully realized. This comment reviews major developments in positive emotion science and offers recommendations for the future.
Michelle N. Shiota. Comment: The Science of Positive Emotion: You’ve Come a Long Way, Baby/There’s Still a Long Way to Go. Emotion Review 2017, 9, 235 -237.
AMA StyleMichelle N. Shiota. Comment: The Science of Positive Emotion: You’ve Come a Long Way, Baby/There’s Still a Long Way to Go. Emotion Review. 2017; 9 (3):235-237.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichelle N. Shiota. 2017. "Comment: The Science of Positive Emotion: You’ve Come a Long Way, Baby/There’s Still a Long Way to Go." Emotion Review 9, no. 3: 235-237.
The eudaimonic approach to well-being proposes that, in contrast to simply seeking pleasure and avoiding pain, a good life involves acting with excellence on one’s personal life projects. Our research suggests that beyond being subjectively pleasant, positive emotions promote the accomplishment of important life goals, and can therefore facilitate meeting our eudaimonic needs. Because eudaimonia is inherently multi-faceted, different positive emotions may support different aspects of eudaimonic well-being. As an example, we propose that one positive emotion, awe, may promote a particular aspect of eudaimonia: the sense of having meaning in life, a personal, coherent conceptual framework that helps individuals define who they are and what is most important to them. Existential philosophy emphasizes the role of conscious analysis in developing a meaning framework, and we suggest that powerful awe experiences facilitate a cognitive and motivational mindset that is especially conducive to this personal work. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Alexander F. Danvers; Makenzie J. O’Neil; Michelle N. Shiota. The Mind of the “Happy Warrior”: Eudaimonia, Awe, and the Search for Meaning in Life. Handbook of Community Well-Being Research 2016, 323 -335.
AMA StyleAlexander F. Danvers, Makenzie J. O’Neil, Michelle N. Shiota. The Mind of the “Happy Warrior”: Eudaimonia, Awe, and the Search for Meaning in Life. Handbook of Community Well-Being Research. 2016; ():323-335.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander F. Danvers; Makenzie J. O’Neil; Michelle N. Shiota. 2016. "The Mind of the “Happy Warrior”: Eudaimonia, Awe, and the Search for Meaning in Life." Handbook of Community Well-Being Research , no. : 323-335.