This study was carried out at the Experimental Farm and in the Laboratories of Horticulture Departments, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha Univ., during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving growth, seeds yield, oil productivity and fixed oil constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plants by some safety growth stimulants treatments i.e. chitosan, ascobien, humic and glutamic acids and micronutrients zinc (Zn) i.e., control (tap water), 100 and 200 ppm, as well as their combinations. Plants were sprayed with safety growth stimulants gave the significantly highest mean values for all studied characteristics i.e., plant height, number of branches per plant, plant fresh and dry weights, seeds yield/plant, weight of 1000 seeds, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, N, P, K, total carbohydrates, fixed oil percentage, and fatty acids determination of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plants, with superior for humic acid at 5 ml/l followed by glutamic acid at 200 ppm in the first and second seasons. Meanwhile, ascobien at 200 ppm ranked the third values in this concern. Irrespective of control plants the lowest values of these parameters were scored by chitosan at 5 g/l in the 1st and 2nd seasons. As for zinc concentration treatments, there was appositive relationship between the values of abovementioned parameters and zinc concentration, hence as the concentration of zinc increased the values of these parameters increased till reached the highest increases at the highest concentration (200 ppm) in the two seasons. Furthermore, the combination of humic acid at 5ml/l showed to be the most effective one for inducing the highest values of these parameters especially those sprayed with the highest concentration of zinc (200 ppm). Chromatography analysis of chia fixed oil revealed the identification of seven components. The main component was α-linolenic acid (37.28 to 39.72%). The major components were α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. It can be concluded that humic acid at 5 m/l with Zn at 200 ppm was the best treatment for improving growth, seeds yield, fixed oil productivity, chemical constituents and fixed oil components of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plant.

Fennel is an important medicinal, and aromatic plant occupied the first in the list of Egyptian exports of herbs and spices. Dutch fennel is described by a large percentage of anethole and a lower percentage of estragole than the Egyptian fennel, therefore, it is used as an antidote to some viral diseases. The present research aims to investigate the influence of various growth stimulants (amino acids, brassinolide, humic acid, salicylic acid, seaweeds extract and tap water as control) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as well as their combinations on vegetative growth, productivity and some chemical constituents of Dutch fennel plant. This study was conducted at the Experimental Farm and in the Laboratory at the Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric. at Moshtohor, Benha Univ., Egypt, during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. The greatest significant values of all studied parameters were gained by the combined treatment of seaweed extract at 2 ml/l with superior for the inoculum mycorrhizal fungi in 1st and 2nd seasons. The largest seeds oil percentage (2.22 and 2.24) was recorded by the combined treatment between seaweed extract combined with inoculum arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The chemical constituents of Dutch fennel essential oil about ten components, the master components of essential oil constituents trans-anethole, estragole, and myrcene. In general, it could be recommended that the combinations of seaweed extract at 2 ml/l and inoculum arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could be achieved the greatest growth, productivity and chemical constituents of Dutch fennel.

Evening primrose is a beautiful ornamental plant, but at the same time it has medicinal properties that make this plant of great value and importance. In this context, the present research aims to investigate the effect of phosphorus sources and biofertilizers (EM and phosphorein) on growth, flowering, seeds yield, chemical constituents, of Oenothera biennis L. plant. This study was conducted at the Experimental Farm and in the Laboratory of Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agric. at Moshtohor, Benha Univ., Egypt during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. The results indicated that, plants which were applied with phosphorus sources, biofertilizers as well as their combination treatments scored highly significant increases in all of studied characteristics of vegetative, flowering, seeds yield, chemical composition, fixed oil percentage, and fatty acids determination of the plant. The maximum values of most parameters mentioned above were gained by the combined treatment of monopotassium phosphate with EM in 1st and 2nd seasons. Additionally, the highest values of flowering parameters and P% were recorded by MAP treatment combined with phosphorein in both seasons. Furthermore, the highest seeds oil percentage (27.22 and 28.37) were recorded by the combined treatment between monopotassium phosphate and phosphorein, in the first and second seasons, respectively. The gained fixed oil composition four components were identified, i.e. palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. It can be concluded that the monoamonium phosphate (MAP) or monopotassium phosphate with EM or phosphorein were the best for improving growth, seeds yield, fixed oil productivity, chemical constituents and fixed oil components of Oenothera biennis L. plant.

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a specialty crop capable of providing healthy food and metabolites. The goal of our study was to explore the possibility of expanding seed yield, oil production, and metabolites of chia in response to amino acid, barthenosteriode, and algae extract treatments used as bio-stimulants. The experiment was conducted in the field in a randomized complete block design with three repeats. The treatments were (1) control (spray only with water), (2) amino acids with nutrients (2 mL/L vs. 4 mL/L), (3) brassinolide (5 mL/L vs. 10 mL/L), and algae extract (2 mL/L vs. 4 mL/L). The growth and yield measurements of chia, such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, amino acids, indoles, phenols, macro- and micronutrients, carbohydrates, total oil, and fatty acids were analyzed. The chia plants sprayed with growth stimulant materials showed increases in most studied characteristics, particularly algae extract at 4 mL/L, followed by algae extract at 2 mL/L during the first and second seasons. Meanwhile, amino acids at 4 mL/L led to the third-highest increases in most cases. Conversely, all bio-stimulant treatments decreased total phenols in leaves (mg/100 g f.w.), especially seaweed at 4 mL/L, compared to high levels in the control during both seasons. Control plants showed the lowest levels of the measurements mentioned previously when scored by barthenosteriode at 5 mL/L during the first and second seasons. GLC for fixed oil in chia showed the recognition of four biocomponents. i.e., oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and α-α linolenic acids. The main biocomponent was α-α linolenic acid and reach (49.7 to 57.9%). The application of seaweed at 4 mL/L could be exploited to improve growth, seed crop, fixed oil production, chemicals and bio-constituents, especially the fixed oil composition of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plant.

This research was conducted on ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) at the Experimental Farm of Heliopolis Univ., El-Sharqea Governorate, Egypt, in cooperation with the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University during the two successive winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in order to study the impact of spraying licorice aqueous extract at four levels of 0, 10, 20 and 40 g/l and three levels with Moringa ethanol extract as 0, 50, 100 ml/l and their overlap on the vegetative growth and fruit yield of ajwain by using the split-plot design with three observations. The results showed a significant effect for the all used concentrations of licorice and Moringa extracts in all studied traits, application of spraying ajwain plants by licorice aqueous extract at 40 g/l with 100 ml/l Moringa ethanol extract (L3 × M2) increased vegetative growth (plant height, number of branches, and herb fresh and dry weights per plant). Also, the same treatment recorded the highest average of fruit yield characters (number of umbels/plant, weight of 1000 fruits, yield/plant and per fed), as well as, the highest values of N, P, and K were gained as a resulting using the same treatment (L3 × M2). On contrast, the lowest values of all studied traits obtained with sprayed ajwain plants by tap water (L0 × M0) compared to the other treatments in both seasons

Two field experiments were conducted in 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 cropping season, at the Experimental Farm of Heliopolis Univ., El-Sharqea Governorate, Egypt, in cooperation with the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University to study the influence of licorice aqueous extract at 0, 10, 20, and 40 g/l concentrations and Moringa ethanol extract at 0, 50, and 100 g/l concentrations and their interaction on essential oil content, essential oil composition, and chemical constituents of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) under sandy soil conditions, in a split plots design of 12 treatments with three replications for each treatment. The main plots were the concentrations of licorice aqueous extract, the subplots were the concentrations of Moringa ethanol extract. The results demonstrated that treating ajwain plants by spraying with the licorice aqueous extract at 40 g/l and Moringa ethanol extract at 100 g/l (L3 × M2) scored the highest values of the essential oil percent, oil yield/plant, and oil yield/fed. The same treatment (L3 × M2) was recorded the greatest values of the content of the pigment (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid), also treating ajwain plants by the same treatment was given the highest carbohydrate in the two seasons. However, ajwain plants sprayed with licorice aqueous extract at 0.0 g/l or Moringa ethanol extract at 0.0 g/l (L0 × M0) lead to the lowest values ​​of all the above-mentioned traits. In general, the main chemical constituents of ajwain essential oil were γ-terpinene, followed by thymol and p-cymene, along with α- and β-pinenes, α-thujene, myrcene, and Limonene