Early diagnosis is still as crucial as the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. As RT-PCR sometimes is not feasible in developing nations or rural areas, health professionals may use a rapid antigen test (RAT) to lessen the load of diagnosis. However, the efficacy of RAT is yet to be investigated thoroughly. Hence, we tried to evaluate the overall performance of RAT in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Based on our PROSPERO registered protocol (CRD42021231432), we searched online databases (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science) and analysed overall pooled specificity and sensitivity of RAT along with study quality, publication bias, heterogeneity and more. The overall pooled specificity and sensitivity of RAT were detected as 99.4% (95% CI: 99.1–99.8; I² = 90%) and 68.4% (95% CI: 60.8–75.9; I² = 98%), respectively. In subgroup analyses, nasopharyngeal specimens and symptomatic patient’s samples were more sensitive in RAT, while cycle threshold (Ct) values were found to have an inverse relationship with sensitivity. In the European and American populations, RAT showed better performance. Although the sensitivity of RAT is yet to be improved, it could still be an alternative in places with poor laboratory set up. Nevertheless, the negative samples of RAT can be re-tested using RT-PCR to reduce false negative results.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are the second most prevalent metal oxide, owing to their characteristics of low cost, safe, and easily prepared. ZnO NPs have been found to exhibit unique properties which show their potential to be used in various therapies. Numerous techniques have been devised for the manufacture of zinc oxide because it is one of the nanomaterials that has received major research interest. Mushroom sources are proven to be efficient, ecologically friendly, inexpensive, and safe for humankind. In the current study, an aqueous fraction of methanolic extract of Lentinula edodes (L. edoes) was used to synthesize ZnO NPs. The biosynthesis of ZnO NPs was achieved by using the reducing and capping capability of an L. edodes aqueous fraction. Bioactive compounds from mushroom, such as flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds, are used in the green synthesis process to biologically reduce metal ions or metal oxides to metal NPs. Biogenically synthesized ZnO NPs were further characterized by using UV–Vis, FTIR, HPLC, XRD, SEM, EDX, zeta sizer and zeta potential analyses. The FTIR showed the functional group at the spectra in the range 3550–3200 cm⁻¹ indicated the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) group, while bands in the range 1720–1706 cm⁻¹ indicated C=O carboxylic stretches bonds. Furthermore, the XRD pattern of ZnO NPs created in the current study was found to be nanocrystals which are hexagonal. The SEM analysis of ZnO NPs showed spherical shapes and size distributions in the range 90–148 nm. Biologically synthesized ZnO NPs have substantial biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antipyretic, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential. Biological activities showed significant antioxidant (65.7 ± 1.09), antidiabetic (85.18 ± 0.48), and anti-inflammatory potential (86.45 ± 0.60) at 300 µg inhibition in paw inflammation of (1.1 ± 0.06) and yeast-induced pyrexia (97.4 ± 0.51) at 10 mg in a dose-dependent manner. The outcomes of this research indicated that ZnO NPs significantly reduced inflammation and have the ability to scavenge free radicals and prevent protein denaturation, while also indicating their possible use in food and nutraceutical applications to treat various ailments.

Objectives: The rise in carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) has reinforced the global quest for developing effective therapeutics. Traditional drug discovery approaches have been inadequate in overcoming this challenge due to their resource and time constraints.Methods: English literature was searched by structured queries related to our review between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2024.Results: The key resistance mechanisms in CRE, such as enzymatic hydrolysis, decreased permeability, and efflux pump overexpression, have been examined in this review. Computational technologies have become pivotal in discovering novel antimicrobial agents with improved accuracy and efficiency. Besides this, the review highlights the advances in structure‐ and ligand‐based drug discovery approaches for identifying potential drugs against CRE. Recent studies demonstrating the use of such in silico techniques to develop targeted drugs against CRE have also been explored. Moreover, this review also underscores the significance of integrating both in silico and in vitro techniques to counter resistance in Enterobacterales, supported by the latest studies. However, these promising computational technologies have a few major drawbacks, such as a lack of standardized parameterization, potentially false positives, and the complexity of effective clinical translations. The drug regulatory barriers also restrict the progress of new antimicrobials for market approval.Conclusion: The use of computational technologies for antimicrobial inhibitor discovery is gaining popularity, and it can be expedited by refining computational techniques and integrating them with reliable in vitro validation. The use of innovative hybrid in silico and in vitro technologies is the need of the hour to tackle CRE and mitigate the global threat of antimicrobial resistance.

Asaia spp. has recently been reported to cause opportunistic infections in humans and is becoming an emerging hospital pathogen. To our knowledge, this is the first report on Asaia spp. in Malaysia. bacteremia in an infant. A girl with underlying Hirschsprung's disease, who was on parenteral feeding via a central venous catheter, developed persistent multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteremia. Routine automated identification methods failed to identify the organism, which was later identified by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Bacterial clearance was achieved after the removal of the catheter and initiation of IV amikacin. This case highlights the role of molecular identification and the clinical importance of Asaia spp. in causing infections in humans, especially in patients with indwelling devices.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 is a rare phenomenon. V. cholerae is known as a common aetiology of epidemic diarrheal disease and rarely causes extra-gastrointestinal infections. In this report, a 52-year-old man presented to our hospital with a clinical scenario for chronic liver cirrhosis with low grade fever and loose stools. V. cholerae was isolated from peritoneal fluid culture, which was further confirmed as non-O1/ non-O139 strain by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The patient was successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy and peritoneal drainage. This case represents the first isolation of V. cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 strain from peritoneal fluid.