In the current research, we have developed silver and iron nanoparticles of isolated proanthocynidin (PAC) from grape seed by green synthesis and evaluated for antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and in vitro cytotoxicity against colon cancer cell lines. One percent solution of isolated proanthocynidin in water was vigorously mixed with 1% silver nitrate and 1% ferric chloride solution and kept for 4 h, to yield PACAgNP and PACFeNP. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV, FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis and evaluated for antimicrobial potential against selected microbes. Moreover, the synthesized nanoparticles were studied for DPPH assay and in vitro cytotoxicity using colon cancer cell lines COLO320DM and HT29 (MTT, SRB, and Trypan blue assay). UV spectroscopy confirmed the development of nanoparticles. SEM analysis showed that the particles were aggregated in the size range of 50 to 100 nm. Antimicrobial potential was found to be less against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, whereas cytotoxicity of PACAgNP and PACFeNP against COLO320DM and HT29 exhibited promising results as compared to the pure PAC. PACAgNP and PACFeNP exhibited 20.83 ± 0.33% and 18.06 ± 0.60% inhibition, respectively, against DPPH radical, whereas pure PAC showed 16.79 ± 0.32% inhibition and standard (ascorbic acid) exhibited 98.73 ± 0.18% inhibition of DPPH radical. The silver and iron nanoparticles were successfully developed by green synthesis method using isolated proanthocynidin which is economical and eco-friendly. The use of metal nanoparticles may open up a new opportunity for anticancer therapies to minimize the toxic effects of available anticancer drugs specifically in targeting specific site.

The microspheres are one of the novel drug delivery system in which effective therapeutic alternative to conventional or immediate release single-unit dosage forms. Microspheres can be characterized as solid, diameter having between 1–1000μm.there are different types of microsphere explained. These microspheres prepared and fill them in a hard gelatin or compress them directly. The microspheres which are prepared by using different technique that are changes their effectiveness and administration of the dosage form as compare to conventional dosage form. Microsphere will be evaluated by using different methods that analyses quality of the microsphere. The microspheres which will get central place in novel drug delivery in future.

To verify the antidiabetic potential of stem bark of Albizzia lebbeck (A. lebbeck) and seeds of Mucuna pruriens (M. pruriens) using various in vitro techniques. The plant extracts were studied for their effects on glucose adsorption, diffusion amylolysis kinetics and glucose transport across yeast cells. Both the plant extracts adsorbed glucose and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. No significant (P≤0.05) differences were observed between the adsorption capacities of A. lebbeck and M. pruriens. In amylolysis kinetic experimental model the rate of glucose diffusion was found to increase with time from 30 to 180 min, and both the plant extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on movement of glucose into external solution across dialysis membrane as compared to control. The retardation of glucose diffusion by A. lebbeck extract was significantly higher (P≤0.05) than M. pruriens. These effects were reflected with higher glucose dialysis retardation index values for A. lebbeck than M. pruriens. The plant extracts also promoted glucose uptake by yeast cells. The rate of uptake of glucose into yeast cells was linear in all the 5 glucose concentrations used in the study. M. pruriens extract exhibited significantly higher (P≤0.05) activity than the extract of A. lebbeck at all concentrations. The results verified the antidiabetic potential of A. lebbeck and M. pruriens. The hypoglycemic effect exhibited by the extracts is mediated by increasing glucose adsorption, decreasing glucose diffusion rate and at the cellular level by promoting glucose transport across the cell membrane as revealed by simple in vitro model of yeast cells.

The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the hypoglycemic potential of Berberis aristata and Tamarindus indica using various in vitro techniques.

Purpose: In the Indian system of medicine – Ayurveda,Musa paradisiacahas been mentioned as a remedy for various diseases and ailments. Based on the folkloric use, the purpose of this paper is to verify and compare the hypoglycemic potential of unripe, ripe and overripe fruit extract ofMusa paradisiaca.Design/methodology/approach: Hypoglycemic activity of fruit extracts has been evaluated using variousin vitromethods, namely, determination of glucose adsorption capacity, glucose uptake in yeast cells, amylolysis kinetics and glucose diffusion.Findings: The extracts of unripe, ripe and overripe fruits ofMusa paradisiacaadsorbed glucose, and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. In the amylolysis kinetic experimental model, the rate of glucose diffusion was found to increase with time, and all the extracts of unripe, ripe and overripe fruits ofMusa paradisiacademonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the movement of glucose into external solution across the dialysis membrane as compared to the control. The extracts under study also promoted glucose uptake by the yeast cells in all the five glucose concentrations used in the study.Practical implications: Here, the authors have verified and compared the hypoglycemic potential ofMusa paradisiaca, its unripe fruit extract was found to show a better activity than ripe and overripe fruit extracts.Originality/value: Banana, being an all season readily available fruit, is widely consumed due to its ready availability and low cost. It acts as a complete food for even low socio-economic classes of society, owing to its rich nutritional values. Even in a processed and unprocessed manner, it is an important constituent of diet. The research suggests that instead of consuming ripe and overripe fruit, the unripe fruit will help in management of diabetes.