This paper examines the regulation of corporate governance on leverage structure decision-making in Bangladesh from 2003 to 2017. Appropriate panel methods are employed to control the problems of serial correlation, heteroskedasticity, and the cross-sectional nature of manufacturing companies. The study finds that corporate governance attributes such as board size, managerial ownership, and duality are the dominant factors for leverage decision-making. The results also indicate that control variables such as firm size and profitability have an influential role on leverage decision-making in Bangladesh. Our findings substantiate the idea that political and family connections to corporate governance structure greatly influence the leverage decision-making of corporate firms in Bangladesh.

Corporate governance has been widely debated for over a decade with the collapse of the financial and capital market under the prejudicial roles of regulatory bodies. Therefore, the study examined the impact of corporate governance on firm value in Bangladesh. A total of 63 DSE-listed companies from 2005 to 2019 consisting of 8,505 observations on an average of 15 years were chosen. The subsequent tests for the given data were conducted to identify the appropriate panel data analysis method for adjusted diagnostic problems. In the specific panel data, the Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) was utilised following the application of the random effects method to control econometric limitations. It was revealed that corporate governance lowered firm value when the board structure was familially and politically affiliated and led by CEO-duality. Moreover, the inclusion of dynamic professionals and independent members in the board structure increased the firm value. The use of the corporate governance code was proven to be highly challenging due to the participation of political and family leaders in corporate firms. Additionally, proper law enforcement was required to ensure transparency and accountability, thus reflecting firm value. As previous studies on corporate governance were conducted on a small scale and partial to the context of developing countries, this paper contributes a novel value in identifying and resolving the corporate governance crisis by reforming the board structure with diverse and professional directors. The regulatory bodies require improvement by including autonomous professional and independent members to exercise the corporate governance code.

The paper investigates the impact of managers' and investors' perceptions on financial leverage decisions in Bangladesh. To fulfill the purpose of the paper, the final structure of the questionnaire was made by adopting pre-testing and assessment of outer factor loadings and measures the internal consistency of all items in the test or scale using Cranach's Alpha. The composite reliability (CR) was tested by calculating the composite alpha and average variance extracted (AVE). The study employs partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to investigate the structured relationship between the observed and latent variables and extends the path analysis to test the hypotheses. The study reveals that corporate governance significantly and positively influences the leverage structure decision. The result intends to establish that if firms serve corporate governance, it will make the firms to manage more debt into the leverage structure decision. Results also reveal a negative and significant association between the determinants and financial leverage structure decision, and this relation signifies that when determinants tend to upturn, outside borrowing will fall into the financial leverage structure decision. The policy implications advanced from this study include the transformation of ownership structure, corporate governance, and financial policy to facilitate proper leverage structure decisions.

Environmental protection and sustainability is the part of Islamic finance to ensure the fulfilment and establishments of spirit of Islamic tenants. The need to care for the environment and the forms of life that Allah has created on this earth that includes proper usage of natural resources (Al-Fajr: 11-14). Green finance involves the allocation of funds to the environmental friendly projects that help the mankind from any harmful and compliance to the ‘Shari’ah’ rules. The main purpose of the study is to examine the role of ‘Shar’ah’ based banking on green financing in Bangladesh. The study has used the structural questionnaire for primary data that includes various dimensions on green financing of ‘Shari’ah’ based banking in Bangladesh. The study has also used secondary data relevant to articles, journals, books, and conference papers for theoretical development. In order to validate the findings, the necessary statistical measures include 5 point Likert scale, mean, and rank are used in the study. The study revealed that ‘Shari,ah’ based banking have made significant contribution in green financing that promote the preservation of natural resources and the need to respect all living things. The study seems to carry an enormous academic value since a few studies have been undertaken in this area. The results could be useful to the government, Bangladesh Bank, NGOS, Donors, international agency, World Bank, IMF, Academic researchers and national policy makers who have been making endeavor to save the environment in developing countries as well as Bangladesh as a whole.

Food controls, also known as multi-functional physical and economic prevention, are significant for maintaining a healthy mind, body, and energy, as well as reducing consumption and poverty. As a result, the study aims to look at the impact of food controls on both human resource development and poverty reduction. The Holy Qur'an and Hadith, as well as the circumstances of Muslim nations, are utilized to describe food behavior and its influence on the workforce, poverty removal, and knowledge development. First, the investigation finds Mohammad's (PBUH) eating pattern and guiding principles, both of which are supported by the Qur'an in terms of food behavior and management. When it comes to eating behavior, the study finds that failing to learn Islam's guiding principles on food control leads to a plethora of problems such as poverty, sickness, greed, corruption, and waste. Those who waste less food and eat less are highly driven to enhance their health and knowledge generation abilities, both of which are advantageous to poverty reduction. As a result of decreased consumption and waste conservation, excess money and food may be used to help people get out of poverty. IIUC Studies Vol.18, December 2021: 33-46

Environmental protection and sustainability is the part of Islamic finance to ensure the fulfilment and establishments of spirit of Islamic tenants. The need to care for the environment and the forms of life that Allah has created on this earth that includes proper usage of natural resources (Al-Fajr: 11-14). Green finance involves the allocation of funds to the environmental friendly projects that help the mankind from any harmful and compliance to the ‘Shari’ah’ rules. The main purpose of the study is to examine the role of ‘Shar’ah’ based banking on green financing in Bangladesh. The study has used the structural questionnaire for primary data that includes various dimensions on green financing of ‘Shari’ah’ based banking in Bangladesh. The study has also used secondary data relevant to articles, journals, books, and conference papers for theoretical development. In order to validate the findings, the necessary statistical measures include 5 point Likert scale, mean, and rank are used in the study. The study revealed that ‘Shari,ah’ based banking have made significant contribution in green financing that promote the preservation of natural resources and the need to respect all living things. The study seems to carry an enormous academic value since a few studies have been undertaken in this area. The results could be useful to the government, Bangladesh Bank, NGOS, Donors, international agency, World Bank, IMF, Academic researchers and national policy makers who have been making endeavor to save the environment in developing countries as well as Bangladesh as a whole.