Since the 1970s, the application of microprocessor in industrial machinery and the development of computer systems have transformed the manufacturing landscape. The rapid integration and automation of production systems have outpaced the development of suitable human design criteria, creating a deepening gap between humans and systems in which human was seen as an important source of errors and disruptions. Today, the situation seems different: the scientific and public debate about the concept of Industry 4.0 has raised awareness about the central role humans have to play in manufacturing systems, the design of which must be considered from the very beginning. The future of industrial systems, as represented by Industry 4.0, will rely on the convergence of several research fields such as Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), but also socio-technical fields such as social approaches within technical systems. This article deals with different human social dimensions associated with CPS and IoT and focuses on their conceptual evolution regarding automated production systems’ sociability, notably by bringing humans back in the loop. Hereby, this paper aims to take stock of current research trends to show the importance of integrating human operators as a part of a socio-technical system based autonomous and intelligent products or resources. Consequently, different models of sociability as a way to integrate humans in the broad sense and/or the develop future automated production systems have been identified from the literature and analysed.

Since the 1970s, the application of microprocessor in industrial machinery and the development of computer systems have transformed the manufacturing landscape. The rapid integration and automation of production systems have outpaced the development of suitable human design criteria, creating a deepening gap where human factor was seen as an important source of errors and disruptions. Today the situation seems different: the scientific and public debate about the concept of Industry 4.0 has raised the awareness about the central role humans have to play in manufacturing systems, to the design of which they must be considered from the very beginning. The future of industrial systems, as represented by Industry 4.0, will rely on the convergence of several research fields such as Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of things (IoT), but also socio-technical fields such as social approaches within technical systems. This article deals with different Human dimensions associated with CPS and IoT and focuses on their conceptual evolution of automatization to improve the sociability of such automated production systems and consequently puts again the human in the loop. Hereby, our aim is to take stock of current research trends, and to show the importance of integrating human operators as a part of a socio-technical system based autonomous and intelligent products or resources. As results, different models of sociability as way to integrate human into the broad sense and/or the development of future automated production systems, were identified from the literature and analysed.

Vers une approche anthropocentrée des architectures de contrôle pour les systèmes intelligents de production: Les dernières décennies ont vu croître en taille et en complexité les systèmes industriels ainsi que leurs flux (matériels et informationnels). L’hyper compétitivité des marchés, l’atomisation de la demande et l’augmentation des niveaux d’exigences clients ont fait émerger le besoin de coupler la robustesse et la performances des systèmes centralisés à la réactivité des systèmes décentralisés. Au cours des 20 dernières années, la pertinence de ces Architectures de Contrôle Hybrides (HCA) a pu être démontrée à travers de nombreux travaux. Toutefois, leurs déploiement reste aujourd’hui limité. Cette situation semble pouvoir être rapporté à un manque de généricité ou d’acceptabilité Humain/Système. La piste explorée dans ce travail de recherche consiste à proposer un cadre formel de référence pour la conception, modélisation, simulation, visualisation et évaluation des composants et des interactions/relations constitutifs des systèmes complexes. L’objectif de ce cadre est d’apporter la généricité manquant aujourd’hui pour le design des architectures de contrôle holoniques et hybrides pour les systèmes multi-agents complexes, mais également de favoriser l’inclusion de l’humain dans ces derniers. Pour ce faire, la nature des relations proposées s’appuie sur celles observables au sein des sociétés humaines, afin de favoriser la représentation des systèmes comme socio-techniques.