This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Unclaimed
I.S. Young
Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L1 8JX, UK

Basic Info

Basic Info is private.

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2021 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

One third of food produced globally is wasted. Disposal of this waste is costly and is an example of poor resource management in the face of elevated environmental concerns and increasing food demand. Providing this waste as feedstock for black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) has the potential for bio-conversion and valorisation by production of useful feed materials and fertilisers. We raised BSFL under optimal conditions (28 °C and 70% relative humidity) on seven UK pre-consumer food waste-stream materials: fish trimmings, sugar-beet pulp, bakery waste, fruit and vegetable waste, cheese waste, fish feed waste and brewer’s grains and yeast. The nutritional quality of the resulting BSFL meals and frass fertiliser were then analysed. In all cases, the volume of waste was reduced (37–79%) and meals containing high quality protein and lipid sources (44.1 ± 4.57% and 35.4 ± 4.12%, respectively) and frass with an NPK of 4.9-2.6-1.7 were produced. This shows the potential value of BSFL as a bio-convertor for the effective management of food waste.

ACS Style

Kieran Magee; Joe Halstead; Richard Small; Iain Young. Valorisation of Organic Waste By-Products Using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as a Bio-Convertor. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8345 .

AMA Style

Kieran Magee, Joe Halstead, Richard Small, Iain Young. Valorisation of Organic Waste By-Products Using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as a Bio-Convertor. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kieran Magee; Joe Halstead; Richard Small; Iain Young. 2021. "Valorisation of Organic Waste By-Products Using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as a Bio-Convertor." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8345.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2020 in Journal of Experimental Biology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The state of an animal prior to the application of a noxious stimulus can have a profound effect on their nociceptive threshold and subsequent behaviour. In mammals, the presence of acute stress preceding a painful event can have an analgesic effect whereas the presence of chronic stress can result in hyperalgesia. While considerable research has been conducted on the ability of stress to modulate mammalian responses to pain, relatively little is known about fish. This is of particular concern given that zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an extensively used model organism subject to a wide array of invasive procedures where the level of stress prior to experimentation could pose a major confounding factor. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of both acute and chronic stress on the behaviour of zebrafish subjected to a potentially painful laboratory procedure, the fin clip. In stress-free individuals, those subjected to the fin clip spent more time in the bottom of the tank, had reduced swimming speeds and less complex swimming trajectories; however, these behavioural changes were absent in fin-clipped fish that were first subject to either chronic or acute stress, suggesting the possibility of stress-induced analgesia (SIA). To test this, the opioid antagonist naloxone was administered to fish prior to the application of both the stress and fin-clip procedure. After naloxone, acutely stressed fin-clipped zebrafish exhibited the same behaviours as stress-free fin-clipped fish. This indicates the presence of SIA and the importance of opioid signalling in this mechanism. As stress reduced nociceptive responses in zebrafish, this demonstrates the potential for an endogenous analgesic system akin to the mammalian system. Future studies should delineate the neurobiological basis of stress-induced analgesia in fish.

ACS Style

Jack S. Thomson; Anthony G. Deakin; Andrew R. Cossins; Joseph W. Spencer; Iain S. Young; Lynne U. Sneddon. Acute and chronic stress prevents responses to pain in zebrafish: evidence for stress-induced analgesia. Journal of Experimental Biology 2020, 223, 1 .

AMA Style

Jack S. Thomson, Anthony G. Deakin, Andrew R. Cossins, Joseph W. Spencer, Iain S. Young, Lynne U. Sneddon. Acute and chronic stress prevents responses to pain in zebrafish: evidence for stress-induced analgesia. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2020; 223 (14):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jack S. Thomson; Anthony G. Deakin; Andrew R. Cossins; Joseph W. Spencer; Iain S. Young; Lynne U. Sneddon. 2020. "Acute and chronic stress prevents responses to pain in zebrafish: evidence for stress-induced analgesia." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 14: 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 February 2019 in Fishes
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The ability to assess welfare is an important refinement that will ensure the good condition of animals used in experimentation. The present study investigated the impact of invasive procedures on the patterns of movement of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Recordings were made before and after fin clipping, PIT tagging and a standard pain test and these were compared with control and sham handled zebrafish. The fractal dimension (FD) from the 3D trajectories was calculated to determine the effect of these treatments on the complexity of movement patterns. While the FD of zebrafish trajectories did not differ over time in either the control or sham group, the FDs of the treatment groups reduced in complexity. The FD of fish injected with different strengths of acetic acid declined in a dose-dependent manner allowing us to develop an arbitrary scale of severity of the treatments. The 3D trajectory plots from some groups indicated the presence of repetitive swimming patterns akin to stereotypical movements. When administered with lidocaine, which has analgesic properties, the movement complexity of fin clipped fish reverted to a pattern that resembled that of control fish. Fractal analysis of zebrafish locomotion could potentially be adopted as a tool for fish welfare assessment.

ACS Style

Anthony G. Deakin; Joseph W. Spencer; Andrew R. Cossins; Iain S. Young; Lynne U. Sneddon. Welfare Challenges Influence the Complexity of Movement: Fractal Analysis of Behaviour in Zebrafish. Fishes 2019, 4, 8 .

AMA Style

Anthony G. Deakin, Joseph W. Spencer, Andrew R. Cossins, Iain S. Young, Lynne U. Sneddon. Welfare Challenges Influence the Complexity of Movement: Fractal Analysis of Behaviour in Zebrafish. Fishes. 2019; 4 (1):8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anthony G. Deakin; Joseph W. Spencer; Andrew R. Cossins; Iain S. Young; Lynne U. Sneddon. 2019. "Welfare Challenges Influence the Complexity of Movement: Fractal Analysis of Behaviour in Zebrafish." Fishes 4, no. 1: 8.

Journals
Published: 15 January 2019 in Food & Function
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Increasing global aquaculture production, is putting pressure on fishmeal and fish oil supply. There is therefore a growing search for more sustainable sources of proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids as fish feed ingredients.

ACS Style

Mohamed A. Gedi; Kieran J. Magee; Randa Darwish; Patchaniya Eakpetch; Iain Young; David A. Gray. Impact of the partial replacement of fish meal with a chloroplast rich fraction on the growth and selected nutrient profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Food & Function 2019, 10, 733 -745.

AMA Style

Mohamed A. Gedi, Kieran J. Magee, Randa Darwish, Patchaniya Eakpetch, Iain Young, David A. Gray. Impact of the partial replacement of fish meal with a chloroplast rich fraction on the growth and selected nutrient profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Food & Function. 2019; 10 (2):733-745.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed A. Gedi; Kieran J. Magee; Randa Darwish; Patchaniya Eakpetch; Iain Young; David A. Gray. 2019. "Impact of the partial replacement of fish meal with a chloroplast rich fraction on the growth and selected nutrient profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Food & Function 10, no. 2: 733-745.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Journal of Proteomics
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Stressful experiences can have detrimental effects on many aspects of health and wellbeing. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a widely used model for stress research and a stress phenotype can be induced by manipulating the environmental conditions and social interactions. In this study we have combined a zebrafish stress model with the measurement of degradation rates of soluble cardiac muscle proteins. The results showed that the greater the stress response in the zebrafish the lower the level of overall protein degradation. On comparing the rates of degradation for individual proteins it was found that four main pathways were altered in response to stress conditions with decreased degradation for proteins involved in glucose metabolism, gluconeogenesis, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathways. Taken together, these data indicate that under stress conditions zebrafish preserve cardiac muscle proteins required for the ‘fight or flight’ response together with proteins that play a role in stress mitigation. This study is the first to investigate the impact of stressful experiences on the dynamics of protein turnover in cardiac muscle. Using an established zebrafish model of human stress it has been possible to map key pathways at the protein level. The results show that the rates of degradation of cardiac proteins involved in glucose metabolism, UPS activity, hypoxia and PPAR signalling are decreased in stressed zebrafish. These findings indicate that proteins involved in the ‘fight or flight’ response to stress are conserved by the heart together with proteins that play a role in stress mitigation. This work provides the basis for more detailed investigations aimed at understanding the molecular effects of stress, which has implications for human health and disease.

ACS Style

Bethany Geary; Kieran Magee; Phillip Cash; Holger Husi; Iain S. Young; Phillip D. Whitfield; Mary K. Doherty. Acute stress alters the rates of degradation of cardiac muscle proteins. Journal of Proteomics 2019, 191, 124 -130.

AMA Style

Bethany Geary, Kieran Magee, Phillip Cash, Holger Husi, Iain S. Young, Phillip D. Whitfield, Mary K. Doherty. Acute stress alters the rates of degradation of cardiac muscle proteins. Journal of Proteomics. 2019; 191 ():124-130.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bethany Geary; Kieran Magee; Phillip Cash; Holger Husi; Iain S. Young; Phillip D. Whitfield; Mary K. Doherty. 2019. "Acute stress alters the rates of degradation of cardiac muscle proteins." Journal of Proteomics 191, no. : 124-130.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2018 in The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Automated fish species recognition is widely investigated in research but it is not explored for the individuals with the same fish species. A new classifying method for zebrafish individuals that is based on statistical texture and Hue/Saturation/Value (HSV) color features are presented in this paper. Post image acquisition, pre-processing stages and features of sub-images are extracted, using statistical texture and HSV color space domain, and grouped into HSV and statistical sets of features. An artificial neural network (ANN) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) are then used to identify the subjects under test. The impact of using statistical and HSV features on the prediction accuracy and average processing time is then assessed experimentally. An improved performance for the HSV over the statistical model is clearly demonstrated. The combination of HSV model and KNN classifier has also demonstrated a superior performance over the combination of HSV and ANN classifier in terms of the accuracy (KNN = 99.0%; ANN = 97.8%) and average processing time (KNN = 4.1 ms; ANN = 24.2 ms). Such promising findings encourage further testing of the HSV model towards developing a highly-efficient and fully-automated identification system for small species individual like zebrafish.

ACS Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri; R.J. Al-Azawi; Majid Al-Taee; Iain Young. Efficient individual identification of zebrafish using Hue/Saturation/Value color model. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 2018, 44, 271 -277.

AMA Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri, R.J. Al-Azawi, Majid Al-Taee, Iain Young. Efficient individual identification of zebrafish using Hue/Saturation/Value color model. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 2018; 44 (4):271-277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri; R.J. Al-Azawi; Majid Al-Taee; Iain Young. 2018. "Efficient individual identification of zebrafish using Hue/Saturation/Value color model." The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 44, no. 4: 271-277.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Aquacultural Engineering
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid Al-Taee; Iain Young. An automated vision system for measurement of zebrafish length using low-cost orthogonal web cameras. Aquacultural Engineering 2017, 78, 155 -162.

AMA Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri, Waleed Al-Nuaimy, Majid Al-Taee, Iain Young. An automated vision system for measurement of zebrafish length using low-cost orthogonal web cameras. Aquacultural Engineering. 2017; 78 ():155-162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid Al-Taee; Iain Young. 2017. "An automated vision system for measurement of zebrafish length using low-cost orthogonal web cameras." Aquacultural Engineering 78, no. : 155-162.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2017 in 2017 10th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE)
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been gaining an enormous attention, as a promising model organism, in studies relevant to human diseases, drug tests, and other studies. However, behavior studies of this fish, using computer vision, is still challenging due to its small size, and fast and unpredictable movement. This paper proposed a new stereovision system for 3D tracking of free-swimming zebrafish. The proposed system that comprises two fixed cameras takes two images separated by a baseline. Centroids of the target to be tracked at both images are identified and used to extract the third coordinate of the 3D model using simple triangulation to derive the target's depth. Validity of the derived stereo model is assessed experimentally and compared to an existing orthogonal model. Performance of the developed stereovision system that is assessed experimentally demonstrated high correlation (82%) with that of an orthogonal vision system but with a significant reduction in the complexity of the system setup as well as less space requirement for experimentation.

ACS Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid A. Al-Taee; Iain Young. Computer Stereovision System for 3D Tracking of Free-Swimming Zebrafish. 2017 10th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) 2017, 188 -192.

AMA Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri, Waleed Al-Nuaimy, Majid A. Al-Taee, Iain Young. Computer Stereovision System for 3D Tracking of Free-Swimming Zebrafish. 2017 10th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE). 2017; ():188-192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid A. Al-Taee; Iain Young. 2017. "Computer Stereovision System for 3D Tracking of Free-Swimming Zebrafish." 2017 10th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) , no. : 188-192.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2017 in 2017 10th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE)
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Animals' tagging has been widely used to identify their individuality using physical methods. In small swimming animals (e.g. zebrafish), however, physical tagging is considered a painful, costly and impractical. This paper proposes a new tagging method for zebrafish that is based on Speed-Up Robust Feature (SURF) matching. In this method, a set of local features is extracted from a sequence of image frames collected through a computer vision system. The extracted set of features for each free-swimming fish is then compared with pre-extracted sets of features, stored in a database, using the SURF matching method. Feature vectors through SURF are formed by means of local patterns around key points, which are detected using a scaled-up filter. The performance of the proposed tagging method is assessed experimentally using six free-swimming zebrafish. The obtained results demonstrated an average accuracy of 90% which obtained with a matching-features threshold of 15%. These findings are promising towards developing a painless, cost-effective and practical animal tagging system for zebrafish.

ACS Style

Qussay Salim Al-Jubouri; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid Al-Taee; Iain Young. Recognition of Individual Zebrafish Using Speed-Up Robust Feature Matching. 2017 10th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) 2017, 26 -30.

AMA Style

Qussay Salim Al-Jubouri, Waleed Al-Nuaimy, Majid Al-Taee, Iain Young. Recognition of Individual Zebrafish Using Speed-Up Robust Feature Matching. 2017 10th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE). 2017; ():26-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qussay Salim Al-Jubouri; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid Al-Taee; Iain Young. 2017. "Recognition of Individual Zebrafish Using Speed-Up Robust Feature Matching." 2017 10th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) , no. : 26-30.

Conference paper
Published: 01 May 2017 in 2017 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Biologists and pharmacologists commonly use zebrafish embryos during the testing of drugs. The testing of these substances is a tedious and painstaking process, carried out manually by trained experts who determine whether the embryos have been deformed or killed as a result of administering the chemical. This paper proposes a novel automatic system for the detection and classification of abnormal curvature of the zebrafish larvae tail (up or down) using a number of geometric features. The most important part of this system is the feature extraction technique, which is done depending on the shape of the tail by applying several arithmetic equations. The proposed system also addresses the orientation problem of the embryos, is part of a larger system for the classification of multiple classes of malformations, and demonstrated a high performance compared to published automated techniques.

ACS Style

Bayan Al-Saaidah; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid Al-Taee; Iain Young; Qussay Al-Jubouri. Identification of tail curvature malformation in zebrafish embryos. 2017 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT) 2017, 588 -593.

AMA Style

Bayan Al-Saaidah, Waleed Al-Nuaimy, Majid Al-Taee, Iain Young, Qussay Al-Jubouri. Identification of tail curvature malformation in zebrafish embryos. 2017 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT). 2017; ():588-593.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bayan Al-Saaidah; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid Al-Taee; Iain Young; Qussay Al-Jubouri. 2017. "Identification of tail curvature malformation in zebrafish embryos." 2017 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT) , no. : 588-593.

Conference paper
Published: 01 March 2017 in 2017 14th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD)
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Machine vision has been widely and efficiently used for various industrial applications. However, in marine applications, this technology is still facing big challenges due to the free-swimming nature and unpredictable behavior of the fish. This paper presents new models for length estimation of small-size free-swimming fish objects using low-cost machine vision system. These models include two camera setups; orthogonal and stereo. In the orthogonal setup, one camera is used for measurement of the object's distance. This camera is synchronized with another orthogonally oriented one for the object's length measurement. The measured distance and length are then used to estimate the actual length of the object. In the stereo setup, however, both cameras are simultaneously used to measure the object's distance and length. Automatic calibration based on fixed object with known diameter is also considered in this study to measure the real value of object's length. In particular, for short camera distance, the effect of light refraction is assumed to be negligible therefore; a linear relationship is adopted to estimate actual object's length for stereo setup. This approximation is assessed experimentally and the measurement error in the object's length is found to be within the range of ± 1%.

ACS Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid Al-Taee; Iain Young. Towards automated length-estimation of free-swimming fish using machine vision. 2017 14th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD) 2017, 469 -474.

AMA Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri, Waleed Al-Nuaimy, Majid Al-Taee, Iain Young. Towards automated length-estimation of free-swimming fish using machine vision. 2017 14th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD). 2017; ():469-474.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid Al-Taee; Iain Young. 2017. "Towards automated length-estimation of free-swimming fish using machine vision." 2017 14th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD) , no. : 469-474.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2016 in Scientific Reports
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Metaldehyde is extensively used worldwide as a contact and systemic molluscicide for controlling slugs and snails in a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops. Contamination of surface waters due to run-off, coupled with its moderate solubility in water, has led to increased concentration of the pesticide in the environment. In this study, for the first time, rapid analysis (<~1 minute) of metaldehyde residues in water is demonstrated using paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). The observed precursor molecular ions of metaldehyde were confirmed from tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments by studying the fragmentation patterns produced via collision-induced dissociation. The signal intensity ratios of the most abundant MS/MS transitions for metaldehyde (177 → 149 for protonated ion) and atrazine (221 → 179) were found to be linear in the range 0.01 to 5 ng/mL. Metaldehyde residues were detectable in environmental water samples at low concentration (LOD < 0.1 ng/mL using reactive PS-MS), with a relative standard deviation 0.99, without any pre-concentration/separation steps. This result is of particular importance for environmental monitoring and water quality analysis providing a potential means of rapid screening to ensure safe drinking water.

ACS Style

Simon Maher; Fred P. M. Jjunju; Deidre E. Damon; Hannah Gorton; Yosef S. Maher; Safaraz U. Syed; Ron M. A. Heeren; Iain S. Young; Stephen Taylor; Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah. Direct Analysis and Quantification of Metaldehyde in Water using Reactive Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. Scientific Reports 2016, 6, 35643 .

AMA Style

Simon Maher, Fred P. M. Jjunju, Deidre E. Damon, Hannah Gorton, Yosef S. Maher, Safaraz U. Syed, Ron M. A. Heeren, Iain S. Young, Stephen Taylor, Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah. Direct Analysis and Quantification of Metaldehyde in Water using Reactive Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. Scientific Reports. 2016; 6 (1):35643.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simon Maher; Fred P. M. Jjunju; Deidre E. Damon; Hannah Gorton; Yosef S. Maher; Safaraz U. Syed; Ron M. A. Heeren; Iain S. Young; Stephen Taylor; Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah. 2016. "Direct Analysis and Quantification of Metaldehyde in Water using Reactive Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry." Scientific Reports 6, no. 1: 35643.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 October 2016 in 2016 IEEE SENSORS
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The availability of clean water is of fundamental importance to human health and survival, as a habitat for aquatic species, for farming and industrial use. Water quality is likely the most important factor in maintaining the health in both farmed and wild fish. Understanding water quality is critically important in facilities which reuse a large percentage of system water. Heavy metals can have a major impact on aquatic health and have a tendency to accumulate in the food chain. In this study we describe a novel fluorescence sensor for the detection of heavy metal ions in water. Fluorophores immobilized in a polymer membrane were excited using an array of LEDs and the fluorescent emission measured via a CCD camera. This novel portable device is comprised of a 3×3 array of sensing elements across which the water sample is pumped and the fluorescence image generated is used to determine the metal ion content. Herein we demonstrate this approach for the detection of Cu (II) ions in water.

ACS Style

Simon Maher; B. Bastani; Barry Lee Smith; F. Jjunju; S. Taylor; Iain S. Young. Portable fluorescent sensing array for monitoring heavy metals in water. 2016 IEEE SENSORS 2016, 1 -3.

AMA Style

Simon Maher, B. Bastani, Barry Lee Smith, F. Jjunju, S. Taylor, Iain S. Young. Portable fluorescent sensing array for monitoring heavy metals in water. 2016 IEEE SENSORS. 2016; ():1-3.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simon Maher; B. Bastani; Barry Lee Smith; F. Jjunju; S. Taylor; Iain S. Young. 2016. "Portable fluorescent sensing array for monitoring heavy metals in water." 2016 IEEE SENSORS , no. : 1-3.

Conference paper
Published: 01 August 2016 in 2016 9th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE)
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Physical tagging for animals has been a key requirement to discriminate their individuality. However, in small swimming animals like zebrafish, physical tagging is considered a painful, costly and a time-consuming process. In this paper, a computer-vision based method for identifying and extracting of a new feature in zebrafish (Danio rerio) is proposed as an alternative to the physical tagging. The proposed method depends on the extraction of a blue stripes pattern exists around the central left or right side of the fish. The region of interest is initially identified using various image preprocessing steps including segmentation of the fish object, center finding and cropping. The default RGB colour of the identified area is transformed into a lab colour space (also called CIELAB space), which provides an enhanced pixel-level presentation for the colour of the area of interest. Next, a K-means clustering with 2 main clusters of colours is used to extract the pattern of blue stripes of the object under study. The obtained results from this pilot study with a relatively small dataset showed that the patterns of blue stripes vary from one object to another. Thus, they are considered as a promising fingerprint for zebrafish.

ACS Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid Al-Taee; Bayan Al-Saaidah; Hilal Al-Libawy; Iain Young. Identification and Extraction of New Feature for Zebrafish Discrimination. 2016 9th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) 2016, 19 -23.

AMA Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri, Waleed Al-Nuaimy, Majid Al-Taee, Bayan Al-Saaidah, Hilal Al-Libawy, Iain Young. Identification and Extraction of New Feature for Zebrafish Discrimination. 2016 9th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE). 2016; ():19-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qussay Al-Jubouri; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid Al-Taee; Bayan Al-Saaidah; Hilal Al-Libawy; Iain Young. 2016. "Identification and Extraction of New Feature for Zebrafish Discrimination." 2016 9th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) , no. : 19-23.

Conference paper
Published: 01 August 2016 in 2016 9th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE)
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Zebrafish larvae has been widely used in testing the effect of chemical substances on the human body. Biological experts have been carrying out these studies manually with a relatively poor productivity. This paper proposes a high-throughput computer vision system to identify and classify embryonic malformations in zebrafish larva. The proposed system, which comprises at least 96-well plates, utilizes multi-classification features including shape, intensity, and texture features. A classifier based on artificial neural networks is utilized to address overlapping problems between different classes of the image dataset and thus improving the classification throughput and accuracy. The preliminary results of this pilot study showed a good performance and low recognition error of the classifier in which two classes were recognized according to the rounding shape of the larva.

ACS Style

Bayan Al-Saaidah; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid Al-Taee; Ali Al-Ataby; Iain Young; Qussay Al-Jubouri. Analysis of Embryonic Malformations in Zebrafish Larvae. 2016 9th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) 2016, 29 -34.

AMA Style

Bayan Al-Saaidah, Waleed Al-Nuaimy, Majid Al-Taee, Ali Al-Ataby, Iain Young, Qussay Al-Jubouri. Analysis of Embryonic Malformations in Zebrafish Larvae. 2016 9th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE). 2016; ():29-34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bayan Al-Saaidah; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Majid Al-Taee; Ali Al-Ataby; Iain Young; Qussay Al-Jubouri. 2016. "Analysis of Embryonic Malformations in Zebrafish Larvae." 2016 9th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) , no. : 29-34.

Conference paper
Published: 01 July 2016 in Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

A physical model of electromagnetic induction is developed which relates directly the forces between electrons in the transmitter and receiver windings of concentric coaxial finite coils in the near-field region. By applying the principle of superposition, the contributions from accelerating electrons in successive current loops are summed, allowing the peak-induced voltage in the receiver to be accurately predicted. Results show good agreement between theory and experiment for various receivers of different radii up to five times that of the transmitter. The limitations of the linear theory of electromagnetic induction are discussed in terms of the non-uniform current distribution caused by the skin effect. In particular, the explanation in terms of electromagnetic energy and Poynting’s theorem is contrasted with a more direct explanation based on variable filament induction across the conductor cross section. As the direct physical model developed herein deals only with forces between discrete current elements, it can be readily adapted to suit different coil geometries and is widely applicable in various fields of research such as near-field communications, antenna design, wireless power transfer, sensor applications and beyond.

ACS Style

Ray T. Smith; Fred P. M. Jjunju; Iain Young; Stephen Taylor; Simon Maher. A physical model for low-frequency electromagnetic induction in the near field based on direct interaction between transmitter and receiver electrons. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 2016, 472, 20160338 .

AMA Style

Ray T. Smith, Fred P. M. Jjunju, Iain Young, Stephen Taylor, Simon Maher. A physical model for low-frequency electromagnetic induction in the near field based on direct interaction between transmitter and receiver electrons. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2016; 472 (2191):20160338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ray T. Smith; Fred P. M. Jjunju; Iain Young; Stephen Taylor; Simon Maher. 2016. "A physical model for low-frequency electromagnetic induction in the near field based on direct interaction between transmitter and receiver electrons." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2191: 20160338.

Journals
Published: 18 April 2016 in The Analyst
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Paper-based microfluidic channels were created from solid wax printing, and the resultant 2D wax-printed paper substrates were used for paper spray (PS) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of small organic compounds.

ACS Style

Deidre E. Damon; Yosef S. Maher; Mengzhen Yin; Fred P. M. Jjunju; Iain Young; Stephen Taylor; Simon Maher; Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah. 2D wax-printed paper substrates with extended solvent supply capabilities allow enhanced ion signal in paper spray ionization. The Analyst 2016, 141, 3866 -3873.

AMA Style

Deidre E. Damon, Yosef S. Maher, Mengzhen Yin, Fred P. M. Jjunju, Iain Young, Stephen Taylor, Simon Maher, Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah. 2D wax-printed paper substrates with extended solvent supply capabilities allow enhanced ion signal in paper spray ionization. The Analyst. 2016; 141 (12):3866-3873.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deidre E. Damon; Yosef S. Maher; Mengzhen Yin; Fred P. M. Jjunju; Iain Young; Stephen Taylor; Simon Maher; Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah. 2016. "2D wax-printed paper substrates with extended solvent supply capabilities allow enhanced ion signal in paper spray ionization." The Analyst 141, no. 12: 3866-3873.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2016 in PROTEOMICS
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The zebrafish is a powerful model organism for the analysis of human cardiovascular development and disease. Further, zebrafish are able to fully regenerate their hearts following injury. Understanding these processes at the protein level not only requires changes in protein concentration to be determined but also the rate at which these changes occur on a protein-by-protein basis. The ability to measure protein synthesis and degradation rates on a proteome-wide scale, using stable isotope labelling in conjunction with mass spectrometry is now a well-established experimental approach. With the advent of more selective and sensitive mass spectrometers, it is possible to accurately measure lower levels of stable isotope incorporation, even when sample is limited. In order to challenge the sensitivity of this approach, we successfully determined the synthesis rates of over 600 proteins from the cardiac muscle of the zebrafish using a diet where either 30% or 50% of the L-leucine was replaced with a stable isotope labelled analogue ([2H7]L-leucine]. It was possible to extract sufficient protein from individual zebrafish hearts to determine the incorporation rate of the label into hundreds of proteins simultaneously, with the two labelling regimens showing a good correlation of synthesis rates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

ACS Style

Bethany Geary; Kieran Magee; Phillip Cash; Iain S. Young; Phillip D. Whitfield; Mary K. Doherty. Determining synthesis rates of individual proteins in zebrafish (Danio rerio ) with low levels of a stable isotope labelled amino acid. PROTEOMICS 2016, 16, 1398 -1406.

AMA Style

Bethany Geary, Kieran Magee, Phillip Cash, Iain S. Young, Phillip D. Whitfield, Mary K. Doherty. Determining synthesis rates of individual proteins in zebrafish (Danio rerio ) with low levels of a stable isotope labelled amino acid. PROTEOMICS. 2016; 16 (9):1398-1406.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bethany Geary; Kieran Magee; Phillip Cash; Iain S. Young; Phillip D. Whitfield; Mary K. Doherty. 2016. "Determining synthesis rates of individual proteins in zebrafish (Danio rerio ) with low levels of a stable isotope labelled amino acid." PROTEOMICS 16, no. 9: 1398-1406.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2016 in Proteomes
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Skeletal muscle is a complex tissue that is dominated by the presence of a few abundant proteins. This wide dynamic range can mask the presence of lower abundance proteins, which can be a confounding factor in large-scale proteomic experiments. In this study, we have investigated a number of pre-fractionation methods, at both the protein and peptide level, for the characterization of the skeletal muscle proteome. The analyses revealed that the use of OFFGEL isoelectric focusing yielded the largest number of protein identifications (>750) compared to alternative gel-based and protein equalization strategies. Further, OFFGEL led to a substantial enrichment of a different sub-population of the proteome. Filter-aided sample preparation (FASP), coupled to peptide-level OFFGEL provided more confidence in the results due to a substantial increase in the number of peptides assigned to each protein. The findings presented here support the use of a multiplexed approach to proteome characterization of skeletal muscle, which has a recognized imbalance in the dynamic range of its protein complement.

ACS Style

Bethany Geary; Iain S. Young; Phillip Cash; Phillip D. Whitfield; Mary K. Doherty. Comparing Simplification Strategies for the Skeletal Muscle Proteome. Proteomes 2016, 4, 10 .

AMA Style

Bethany Geary, Iain S. Young, Phillip Cash, Phillip D. Whitfield, Mary K. Doherty. Comparing Simplification Strategies for the Skeletal Muscle Proteome. Proteomes. 2016; 4 (1):10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bethany Geary; Iain S. Young; Phillip Cash; Phillip D. Whitfield; Mary K. Doherty. 2016. "Comparing Simplification Strategies for the Skeletal Muscle Proteome." Proteomes 4, no. 1: 10.

Conference paper
Published: 01 March 2016 in 2016 13th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD)
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Horse transport is a common practice in the equestrian industry, especially with the expansion of this industry around the world. Research has proved that horse transport by road is responsible for high stress levels, which sometimes exceed stress levels caused by exercising during professional horse races. Stress symptoms are reflected in the physiological functions of horses leading to horses suffering from horses fatigue or the injury. The horses stand still in a small box during transport to ensure safety and avoid falls or injuries. The weight is held by the four limbs while the vehicle is moving and vibration forces keep interrupting the balance. This requires the horse to counter these forces in order to keep its balance which demands high energy consumption even for short trips. The horse blood circulation system tries to support the muscles with enough oxygen forcing the heart to beat at high rates. This paper suggests an analytical biomechanical model for the vibration forces to understand how these forces move through horse limbs. This model is proposed to associate vibration forces with high stress levels during transport. Such a direct relationship between vehicle vibration forces and high stress levels will lead to a low cost non-invasive early stress detection system without the need to measure any direct physiological response of the horse. This relationship will also shed light on the importance of optimised vehicle design to reduce vibrations.

ACS Style

Hamzah S. Alzubi; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Iain S. Young. Horse stress analysis using biomechanical modelling and machine learning approach. 2016 13th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD) 2016, 640 -644.

AMA Style

Hamzah S. Alzubi, Waleed Al-Nuaimy, Iain S. Young. Horse stress analysis using biomechanical modelling and machine learning approach. 2016 13th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD). 2016; ():640-644.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamzah S. Alzubi; Waleed Al-Nuaimy; Iain S. Young. 2016. "Horse stress analysis using biomechanical modelling and machine learning approach." 2016 13th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD) , no. : 640-644.