Modern and fast developments of wireless technologies have directed to a great demand for resources. It can be seen in the study that the range of existing spectrum is not used effectively, therefore the frequency band should be observed to ensure proper usage and to have the information of primary or licensed user is very much essential. In this research work uplink of LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is observed through MF (Matched Filter) spectrum sensing technique of CR (Cognitive Radio) network. This method examines the existence of signals in minimum possible time, reduces the hindrances between secondary users, increases accurateness of sensing and provides finest choice of threshold. In Uplink the System model which is used is known as SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access). Entire simulation/results are prepared in MATLAB environment. This study also provides graphical contrast of simulated and theoretical results of matched filter and energy detection technique.

The development of information technology in the 21 ^st century play important role in the education of Pakistan and ICT has more affective role on educational institution like schools, colleges and universities. The top level management of different institutes has been using management information systems to improve their efficiency of administrative works with the help of information management system. The purpose of this study is to explore the principal's view of the MIS and the ways in which the school uses the MIS. The respondents to this study were 98 elementary school and college principals of Hyderabad division. Data collection uses a five-part questionnaire. The first part collects the respondent's demographic information. Remaining parts of questionnaire have a statement about the school management information system. The data was analyzed in SPSS, for the frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results show that despite the lack of technical infrastructure in primary schools, higher authority make an important contribution to support the school management for the implementation of information management system.

Libraries and librarians around the world are using Web 2.0 tools to inform users about their services, share information, connect with users and colleagues, on a worldwide level. This study explored the use of Web 2.0 tools for marketing and promotion of library services and resources by the libraries of Higher Education Institutes of Sindh. A structured questionnaire were developed and administered through professional social network sites for data collection from the university libraries. A total of 87 completed questionnaire returns were received from the universities of Sindh province. The results show that Facebook, Twitter, Wikis, RSS, LinkedIn, Blogging, YouTube and email groups are the web 2.0 tools considered suitable and used for marketing and promotion of different library services and resources in the university libraries.

The study aimed to identify which social media are used to promote libraries and information resources and services in Sindh Province University libraries. Study was conducted to determine the use of social media to enhance library resources and informatics at the university libraries in Sindh province. The descriptive research method was used for this study. The sample consisted of 37 librarians from whole Sindh province university libraries. The questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection from selected samples. In the data analysis means and frequency counts were used from collected data. In the study there were two main social media tools were used for library and information resources services promotions which were Facebook and blogs. Findings of the study shows that majority of librarians use social media promotes, two-way communications makes easier and it provide forum for getting fast feedback and increase the library users for usage of library. The recommendation of the study is internet facilities provided in speedy connection of internet. There should be proper ICT policy for university libraries as government authority documents.

Purpose: This study aims to examine how Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and Smart Technology–AI–Robotics–Algorithms (STARA) capabilities operate as concurrent human- and digital-capability domains associated with sustainable performance in higher education institutions (HEIs). It further tests whether green innovation (GI) and green passion (GP) explain these relationships as parallel mediating mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach: Using a three-wave, one-month time-lagged survey of employees from 10 HEIs in Sindh, Pakistan, this study analysed 424 matched responses. Hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Predictive performance was assessed using PLSpredict and complementary machine-learning models, with SHAP used for predictive interpretation. Findings: Both GHRM and STARA capabilities are positively associated with sustainable performance, and GI and GP each significantly mediate these relationships. The GI-mediated pathways are stronger than the corresponding GP-mediated pathways, indicating that innovation routines constitute the dominant capability-conversion mechanism. GP operates as a complementary and potentially more context-sensitive motivational pathway. Machine-learning analysis provides complementary predictive evidence and identifies GI as the leading predictor, converging with the structural ordering observed in the PLS-SEM results. Practical implications: University leaders should integrate sustainability into HR practices, deploy STARA responsibly through smart-campus monitoring and data-enabled decision support, and prioritise eco-innovation. Resource-constrained HEIs can begin with phased, low-cost initiatives such as staff training, green committees, basic sustainability dashboards and pilot eco-innovation projects. Social implications: The findings may inform institutional efforts to strengthen employee participation and employee-evaluated social sustainability outcomes relevant to internal stakeholders. Originality/value: This study advances HEI sustainability research by positioning GHRM and STARA as dual human- and digital-capability antecedents – an underexamined theoretical configuration in higher education – and GI and GP as parallel mediating mechanisms. It therefore offers a more integrated, mechanism-based explanation of how sustainability capability deployment becomes performance-relevant in an emerging-economy HEI context.