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Delfino Reyes-López
Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Teziutlan 73965, Mexico

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Journal article
Published: 22 August 2021 in Sustainability
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The family milpa system (FMS) is of great importance to food security and the livelihoods of rural families in Mexico. However, the performance of the system can be compromised due to inappropriate agricultural practices. Therefore, a suitable evaluation strategy is required to identify the best management of resources. Nonetheless, at present, there is no holistic understanding around the nature–society interface that allows us to predict the global behavior of the FMS. Thus, this study assesses the global performance of a Poblano FMS through emergy-based indices. The emergy evaluation was carried out by accounting for the available energy of different qualities used in the system, which were subsequently converted to one kind of energy (solar emjoules). The percentage of renewable emergy (%Ren) used in the system was 72.16%. The emergy self-support ratio (ESR) showed that 74% of the emergy used came from free local resources. The emergy investment ratio (EIR) of 0.36 indicated that the emergy use was efficient. The emergy yield ratio (EYR) was 3.78, which in terms of net emergy (NE), was equivalent to a gain of 1.35 × 1016 sej ha−1 y−1. The environmental loading ratio (ELR) was 0.39, which indicated a low potential environmental impact. The emergy sustainability index (ESI) was high (9.80) compared to other agricultural systems. The performance of the FMS is superior compared to other agricultural systems, including ecologic and recycling systems. However, the use of resources is not optimum and needs to be improved to reach maximum empower.

ACS Style

Miguel Angel Avalos-Rangel; Daniel E. Campbell; Delfino Reyes-López; Rolando Rueda-Luna; Ricardo Munguía-Pérez; Manuel Huerta-Lara. The Environmental-Economic Performance of a Poblano Family Milpa System: An Emergy Evaluation. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9425 .

AMA Style

Miguel Angel Avalos-Rangel, Daniel E. Campbell, Delfino Reyes-López, Rolando Rueda-Luna, Ricardo Munguía-Pérez, Manuel Huerta-Lara. The Environmental-Economic Performance of a Poblano Family Milpa System: An Emergy Evaluation. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9425.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel Angel Avalos-Rangel; Daniel E. Campbell; Delfino Reyes-López; Rolando Rueda-Luna; Ricardo Munguía-Pérez; Manuel Huerta-Lara. 2021. "The Environmental-Economic Performance of a Poblano Family Milpa System: An Emergy Evaluation." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9425.

Journal article
Published: 28 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide widely used worldwide. Indeed, it is the herbicide most applied to all Mexican crops. Due to the overuse and poor disposal of the waste, this herbicide can reach the aquatic environments such as groundwater and surface water. Thus, there is a clear need to implement monitoring and surveillance programs for evaluating and controlling the exposure to this herbicide in rural populations. The goal of this study was to quantify the presence of glyphosate in different water bodies (groundwater, surface and drinking water) as well as to identify the uses and managements of water resources by rural communities to evaluate the potential human exposure to glyphosate in the Tenampulco region of the Mexican state of Puebla. Measurements were performed by a rapid and cost-effective ELISA-based method in groundwater and surface water from various sampling sites of the Tenampulco region. Glyphosate was detected in all groundwater samples to be below the maximum limit for glyphosate in water in Mexico. Nevertheless, these results indicate an exposure of glyphosate in these agricultural communities and the need to establish a monitoring program.

ACS Style

Eduardo C. Reynoso; Ricardo D. Peña; Delfino Reyes; Yaselda Chavarin-Pineda; Ilaria Palchetti; Eduardo Torres. Determination of Glyphosate in Water from a Rural Locality in México and Its Implications for the Population Based on Water Consumption and Use Habits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7102 .

AMA Style

Eduardo C. Reynoso, Ricardo D. Peña, Delfino Reyes, Yaselda Chavarin-Pineda, Ilaria Palchetti, Eduardo Torres. Determination of Glyphosate in Water from a Rural Locality in México and Its Implications for the Population Based on Water Consumption and Use Habits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eduardo C. Reynoso; Ricardo D. Peña; Delfino Reyes; Yaselda Chavarin-Pineda; Ilaria Palchetti; Eduardo Torres. 2020. "Determination of Glyphosate in Water from a Rural Locality in México and Its Implications for the Population Based on Water Consumption and Use Habits." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7102.