Water splitting is considered one of the most promising approaches to power the globe without the risk of environmental pollution. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is even more challenging because the generation of only one oxygen molecule involves the transfer of four e^– and removal of four H⁺ ions from water. Thus, developing highly efficient catalysts to meet industrial requirements remains a focus of attention. Herein, the prominent role of Sn in accelerating the electron transfer kinetics of Ni₅P₄ nanosheets in OER is reported. The post catalytic survey elucidates that the electrochemically induced Ni–Sn oxides at the vicinity of phosphides are responsible for the observed catalytic activity, delivering current densities of 10, 30, and 100 mA cm^–2 at overpotentials of only 173 ± 5.2, 200 ±7.4, and 310 ± 5.5 mV, respectively. The density functional theory calculation also supports the experimental findings from the basis of the difference observed in density of states at the Fermi level in the presence/absence of Sn. This work underscores the role of Sn in OER and opens a promising avenue toward practical implementation of hydrogen production through water splitting and other catalytic reactions.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalysis provides the most promising avenue for producing value‐added chemicals and consumables from renewable precursors. Over the last decades, PEC catalysis, including reduction of renewable feedstock, oxidation of organics, and activation and functionalization of C─C and C─H bonds, are extensively investigated, opening new opportunities for employing the technology in upgrading readily available resources. However, several challenges still remain unsolved, hindering the commercialization of the process. This review offers an overview of PEC catalysis targeted at the synthesis of high‐value chemicals from sustainable precursors. First, the fundamentals of evaluating PEC reactions in the context of value‐added product synthesis at both anode and cathode are recalled. Then, the common photoelectrode fabrication methods that have been employed to produce thin‐film photoelectrodes are highlighted. Next, the advancements are systematically reviewed and discussed in the PEC conversion of various feedstocks to produce highly valued chemicals. Finally, the challenges and prospects in the field are presented. This review aims at facilitating further development of PEC technology for upgrading several renewable precursors to value‐added products and other pharmaceuticals.

Here, the structural, optical, and adsorptive behaviors of Ni_0.075‐xMn_xAl_0.025(OH)₂(CO₃)_0.0125·yH₂O (Ni‐Mn/Al) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are investigated to capture fluoride from aqueous media. The 2D mesoporous plate‐like Ni‐Mn/Al LDHs are successfully prepared via a co‐precipitation method. The molar ratio of divalent to trivalent cations is maintained at 3:1 and the pH at 10. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm that the samples consist of pure LDH phases with a basal spacing of 7.66 to 7.72 Å, corresponding to the (003) planes at 2θ of 11.47^o and the average crystallite sizes of 4.13 to 8.67 nm. The plate‐like Mn‐doped Ni‐Al LDH consists of many superimposed nanosheets with a size of 9.99 nm. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies confirm the incorporation of Mn²⁺ into the Ni‐Al LDH. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy results indicate that incorporating Mn²⁺ into LDH enhances its interaction with light. The experimental data from the batch fluoride adsorption studies are subjected to kinetic models such as pseudo‐first order and pseudo‐second order. The kinetics of fluoride retention on Ni‐Mn/Al LDH obey the pseudo‐second‐order model. The Temkin equation well describes the equilibrium adsorption of fluoride. The results from the thermodynamic studies also indicate that fluoride adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous.

An efficient and cost‐effective approach for the development of advanced catalysts has been regarded as a sustainable way for green energy utilization. The general guideline to design active and efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is to achieve high intrinsic activity and the exposure of more density of the interfacial active sites. The heterointerface is one of the most attractive ways that plays a key role in electrochemical water oxidation. Herein, atomically cluster‐based heterointerface catalysts with strong metal support interaction (SMSI) between WMn₂O₄ and TiO₂ are designed. In this case, the WMn₂O₄ nanoflakes are uniformly decorated by TiO₂ particles to create electronic effect on WMn₂O₄ nanoflakes as confirmed by X‐ray absorption near edge fine structure. As a result, the engineered heterointerface requires an OER onset overpotential as low as 200 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is stable for up to 30 h of test. The outstanding performance and long‐term durability are due to SMSI, the exposure of interfacial active sites, and accelerated reaction kinetics. To confirm the synergistic interaction between WMn₂O₄ and TiO₂, and the modification of the electronic structure, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are used.

The urea oxidation reaction (UOR), with its low thermodynamic potential, offers a promising alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for efficient hydrogen production. However, its sluggish kinetics still demand the development of an efficient electrocatalyst. In this study, the critical role of Ru doping in Fe₂TiO₅ is demonstrated to accelerate UOR kinetics. The computational finding confirmed the feasibility of this approach, guiding the experimental synthesis of Fe _2−x Ru _x TiO ₅ . Benefitting from surface properties and electronic structure, the synthesized material exhibits superior performance with a potential of 1.30 V at a current density of 10 mA cm ⁻² for UOR, compared to undoped Fe2TiO5 (1.40 V). Moreover, it demonstrates a favourable Tafel slope of 52 mV dec ⁻¹ and maintains robust durability for 72 h. As confirmed from experimental and computational findings, the enhanced activity can be attributed to the Ru doping resulting in structural distortion at the Fe site and creation of a favourable adsorption site thereby enhancing UOR via dual active center. This study not only broadens the potential applications of Fe2TiO5‐based materials beyond their traditional role as photocatalysts but also establishes them as promising electrocatalysts underscoring the versatility and improved performance of Fe _2−x Ru _x TiO ₅ .