Today's digital data transmission over unsecured wired and wireless communication channels is making encryption algorithms an increasingly important tool for securing data and information. Hybrid encryption techniques combine encryption schemes of either two symmetric keys or both symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods, and that provides more security than public or private key single encryption models. Currently, there are many techniques on the market that use a combination of cryptographic algorithms and claim to provide higher data security. Many hybrid algorithms have failed to satisfy customers in securing data and cannot prevent all types of security threats. To improve the security of digital data, it is essential to develop novel and resilient security systems as it is inevitable in the digital era. The recommended algorithm scheme is a combination of the well-known Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) algorithm and a simple symmetric key (SSK) algorithm. The aim of this study is to develop a better encryption method using RSA and a newly proposed symmetric SSK algorithm. We believe that the proposed hybrid cryptographic algorithm provides more security and privacy.

Purpose This study mainly focuses on the potentiality of the e-commerce industry's opportunities and limitations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) specifically toward non-oil revenue sectors. Design/methodology/approach E-commerce contribution to the retail market industry becomes more global and more flexible with the rapid growth of the Internet and information technology revolution. A new way of conducting business is rendered by e-commerce, which helps to make a profit electronically. Findings The main contributions of e-commerce are management of company operations, easy and cheaper ways of extending their markets and coordinating with the value chain across different borders. In addition, the Internet and e-commerce are responsible for removing language barriers, cultural diversification and extending the market to the national boundaries. The countries would have many innovative and dynamic aspects by the beginning of the global market that increases national revenue, market, employment opportunity, capital and access to technology and information. Originality/value At present, KSA's national revenue mostly depends on oil and its related commodities, while other trades compete with the global market and increase national income. So, it is essential to increase other Saudi products to reach a global business level through e-commerce. Moreover, the study suggests accessing new markets and participating in global production to improve e-commerce structure without affecting current employment patterns, industry structure, productivity and Saudi culture.

For the last five years, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has taken a leading role in the Middle East in providing effective electronic government (e-government) services and encouraging their use. The global average for government website usage by citizens is about 30%. The vast majority of Saudi citizens visit government offices to obtain information rather than making transactions through government portals. However, it is apparent that the rate of global e-government adoption has fallen below expectations, although some countries are doing better than others. Clearly, a better understanding of why and how citizens use government websites, as well as their general disposition towards e-governance, is an important research issue. This paper advances the discussion on this issue by proposing a conceptual model of e-government adoption that places users at the focal point of e-government adoption strategies.

Cloud computing has gained considerable attention in academia and industry in recent years. The cloud facilitates data sharing and enables cost efficiency, thus playing a vital role today as well as for the foreseeable future. In this paper, a brief discussion the application of multi-tenant and load-balancing technologies to cloud-based digital resource sharing suitable for academic and digital libraries is presented. As a new paradigm for digital resource sharing, a proposal of improving the current user service model with private cloud storage for other sectors, including the medical and financial fields is offered. This paper gives a summary of cloud computing and its possible applications, combined with digital data optimisation for web-based services. This study could aid in identification and generation of cloud-based services that use multi-tenant and load-balancing methodologies for the best quality of service.

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have improved the quality of people’s lives during the past few decades by performing urban services to build “super cities,” sometimes referred to as smart cities. The expansion of smart city programs across the globe is a strategic response by governments to deal with current issues. The goal of the smart city is to use ICTs and knowledge to enhance infrastructure management and city administration. Smart cities have been the subject of several studies, but Saudi Arabia has seen very few of these studies. Due to the region’s religious background and pilgrimage activities, this researcher has examined the requirement for ICT framework and made a proposal. In order to meet all requirements for smart cities in the near future, this research suggests a workable ICT model framework and aims to examine smart cities in terms of potential advantages and obstacles to their development in the Kingdom. It also offers a model for creating smart cities in the Kingdom. The study on Saudi Arabia’s smart city projects is intended to boost the advantages of beginning to develop smart cities throughout the Kingdom.

This study identifies the importance and ability of geographic information systems and remote sensing technologies to manage and monitor surface water in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. This study uses several methods to establish a geographical database for the study area: hydrologic and water quality data, a digital Geographical Information System (GIS) elevation model, the spatial distribution and investigation of water samples in Jazan and watershed delineation and flowing tracing tools. The proposed spatial data architecture attempts to implement flood prevention tools and practical land-use proposals, as well as the design of a computerised GIS database for flood risk assessment and mapping.