The immuno-compatibility of implant materials is a key issue for both initial and long-term implant integration. Ceramic implants have several advantages that make them highly promising for long-term medical solutions. These beneficial characteristics include such things as the material availability, possibility to manufacture various shapes and surface structures, osteo-inductivity and osteo-conductivity, low level of corrosion and general biocompatibility. The immuno-compatibility of an implant essentially depends on the interaction with local resident immune cells and, first of all, macrophages. However, in the case of ceramics, these interactions are insufficiently understood and require intensive experimental examinations. Our review summarizes the state of the art in variants of ceramic implants: mechanical properties, different chemical modifications of the basic material, surface structures and modifications, implant shapes and porosity. We collected the available information about the interaction of ceramics with the immune system and highlighted the studies that reported ceramic-specific local or systemic effects on the immune system. We disclosed the gaps in knowledge and outlined the perspectives for the identification to ceramic-specific interactions with the immune system using advanced quantitative technologies. We discussed the approaches for ceramic implant modification and pointed out the need for data integration using mathematic modelling of the multiple ceramic implant characteristics and their contribution for long-term implant bio- and immuno-compatibility.

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of heating and the structural resultant changes of source rocks under the influence of the electromagnetic field in the microwave and radio-frequency ranges. The samples from the Bazhenov Formation (West Siberia, Russia) and the Domanic Formation (Ural, Russia) have been tested. It is shown that samples from these formations demonstrate very different heating rates at the same electromagnetic field parameters and the their heating rate depends on the type of the electromagnetic field (radio-frequency or microwave) applied. The temperature of the Bazhenov Formation samples reaches 300 °C within one hundred seconds of the microwave treatment but it slowly rises to 200 °C after twelve minutes of the radio-frequency influence. The samples of the carbonate Domanic Formation heat up more slowly in the microwave field (within two hundred seconds) and to lower temperatures in the radio-frequency (150 °C) than the Bazhenov Formation samples. The study of the structure of the samples before and after experiments on the electromagnetic treatment shows fracture formation during the heating process. Numerical simulations of heating dynamics of source rock samples have been based on a simple mathematical model of the electromagnetic influence and main features of heating for different types of source rock have been revealed. The opportunities for application of electromagnetic heating for oil source rock recovery are discussed.

In the present work a detailed numerical study on the eigenvalue spectra for the stability equations of thermoviscous fluid flow in an non-isothermal annular channel was performed. The temperature dependence of viscosity had the form of exponential function that decreases with increasing temperature and was described with the single numerical value called ‘‘thermoviscous parameter’’. The perturbation of the temperature was taken into account and, as a result, the spectral problem was reduced to the system of two coupled ordinary differential equations for axial velocity and temperature perturbations. Eigenvalue spectra for different values of the thermoviscous parameter and the radii of outer and inner cylinders ratio were obtained. The real and imaginary parts of eigenfunctions for eigenvalues from different parts of the spectra were plotted. It was found that for narrow annular channels and rather small values of the thermoviscous parameter the eigenvalue spectra are identical to the ones for isothermal flow in a flat channel. As the thermoviscous parameter increases and the annular channel gap expands the structure of the spectra changes (namely, the spread of eigenvalues along the real axis increases) which leads to the flow stabilization. The eigenfunctions demonstare a non-trivial oscillating distribution of amplitude over the channel cross sections. It can also be mention that the eigenfunctions are not symmetrical, since the undisturbed velocity profile in annular channel also does not have symmetry.

Comparative analysis for “cold” heavy oil production from fractured well in low-permeability formation, as well as heavy oil production by radio-frequency electromagnetic heating has been carried out. The results of mathematical modeling for both these technologies taking into account different fracture’s lengths show that the thermal method is most effective for more “short” fractures up to some their optimal size 5-10 m.

The presented work is devoted to one problem of hydrodynamic stability of a thermoviscous fluid. The stability of the flow of a 45\(\%\) aqueous solution of propylene glycol in a plane channel with a linear temperature distribution was considered. The solution of the obtained generalized Orr-Sommerfeld equation was carried out using the spectral method of expanding the sought functions in terms of the first kind Chebyshev polynomials. As a result of calculations, the distributions of eigenvalues were constructed for different parts of the curve of the dependence of viscosity on the temperature of the liquid under consideration, in each case the critical Reynolds numbers and eigenfunctions were determined. It was found that taking into account the dependence of the viscosity on the temperature of the liquid leads to an increase in the region of unstable flow regimes in the channels of heat exchangers.