Since the publication of the third edition, the WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid disorders has introduced the disease entity of ‘myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophil...

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique and very deeply studied acute myeloid leukemia

Osteofascial compartment syndrome (OCS) refers to a series of clinical syndromes caused by acute ischemia and hypoxia of the tissues inside a fascial compartment. OCS secondary to acute leukemia is extremely rare. Coagulopathy is a common phenomenon in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which often leads to various bleeding complications. We report the first case of APL complicated by OCS. The elderly female experienced differentiation syndrome, left forearm OCS, and rhabdomyolysis during the induction treatment. The coagulopathy ultimately resulted in a fatal cerebral hemorrhage. Compared to the more commonly reported OCS associated with chronic leukemias, OCS secondary to APL is particularly perilous.