A key challenge to the sustainability and security of grassland capacity is the protection of water-related ecosystem services (WESs). With the change of land use, the supply of aquatic ecosystem services has changed, and the grassland-carrying capacity has been affected. However, the correlation mechanism between WESs and the grassland-carrying capacity is not clear. In this study, we used the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model to evaluate the impact of land-use change on WESs, and made a tradeoff analysis between WESs and grassland-carrying capacity. Considering that the Heihe River Basin (HRB) was an important grassland vegetation zone, which was a milestone for the development of animal husbandry in China, HRB was taken as a case. The main findings are as follows: (1) the spatial distribution of WESs shows the dissimilation rule, the upper reaches are the main water yield area, the soil retention is weakening in the middle and lower reaches, and the pollution has further increased in the middle and upper reaches. (2) The carrying capacity of animal husbandry decreased in the upper reaches, increased in Shandan County and Zhangye City in the middle reaches, and decreased sharply in other regions. (3) There was a positive correlation between the livestock-carrying capacity and nitrogen export in 2018, which was increasing. As the change of land use has changed the evapotranspiration structure, WESs have undergone irreversible changes. Meanwhile, the development of large-scale irrigated farmland and human activities would be the source of a further intensification of regional soil erosion and water pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to trade off the WESs and animal husbandry under land-use change. This paper revealed how WESs changed from 2000 to 2018, the characteristics of the changes in the spatial and temporal distribution, and the carrying capacity. It aims to provide a scientific basis for coordinating the contradiction between grassland and livestock resources, improving the regional ecological security situation, and carrying out ecosystem management.

With the convergence of China’s “entrepreneurial society” and the “digital age,” part-time entrepreneurial behavior (PEB) has received widespread attention as a new form of labor relations and entrepreneurial paths. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) is an important indicator of entrepreneurs’ confidence in their skills and in coping with uncertain entrepreneurial challenges. However, studies on how ESE affects different types of PEB have not been thoroughly carried out. To fill the existing research gap, the primary objective of this paper is to thoroughly investigate the individual impact of three key factors, namely organizational management self-efficacy (OMSE), opportunity development self-efficacy (ODSE), and risk-taking self-efficacy (RTSE), on economic profit-driven part-time entrepreneurial behavior (EPEB) and self-value-driven part-time entrepreneurial behavior (SPEB), respectively. Based on the “cognition-environment-behavior” logic of triadic reciprocal determinism, this study also aims to examine the moderating effect of entrepreneurial resources (ERs) and attempt to understand how external factors regulate internal factors (OMSE, ODSE, and RTSE) to form the results of EPEB and SPEB. This study adopted a quantitative research approach with a questionnaire survey, taking 457 part-time entrepreneurs in 11 major cities as subjects. The main results show that (1) OMSE and ODSE have a positive effect on EPEB, while RTSE has an inverted U-shaped effect on it; (2) ODSE and RTSE have a positive effect on SPEB, and OMSE has an inverted U-shaped effect on it; and (3) ERs play a positive moderating role in the above processes. The results can not only effectively guide part-time entrepreneurs in PEB but also provide a reference for the government to improve part-time entrepreneurship policies.