Carotenoids have important implications for human health and the food industry due to their antioxidant and functional properties. Their extraction is a crucial step for being able to concentrate them and potentially include them in food products. Traditionally, the extraction of carotenoids is performed using organic solvents that have toxicological effects. Developing greener solvents and techniques for extracting high-value compounds is one of the principles of green chemistry and a challenge for the food industry. This review will analyze the use of green solvents, namely, vegetable oils, supercritical fluids, deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, and limonene, combined with nonconventional techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave), for carotenoid extraction from fruit and vegetable by-products as upcoming alternatives to organic solvents. Recent developments in the isolation of carotenoids from green solvents and their inclusion in food products will also be discussed. The use of green solvents offers significant advantages in extracting carotenoids, both by decreasing the downstream process of solvent elimination, and the fact that the carotenoids can be included directly in food products without posing a risk to human health.

The citrus industry produces large amounts of waste rich in bioactive compounds that have important effects on human health. Their extraction was performed using organic solvents, and a greener alternative to those solvents are natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). The present study aimed to obtain and optimize extracts rich in polyphenols and flavonoids from orange peels using NADES and monitor polyphenol stability in the extracts for 30 days. The software COSMOtherm (conductor-like screening model) was used to screen fourteen NADES. The most promising solvents were lactic acid:glucose (LA:Glu) with an extraction yield of 1932 ± 7.83 mgGAE/100 gdw for TPC (total polyphenol content) and 82.7 ± 3.0 mg/100 gdw for TFC (total flavonoid content) and in the case of L-proline:malic acid (LP:MA) was 2164 ± 5.17 mgGAE/100 gdw for TPC and 97.0 ± 1.65 mg/100 gdw for TFC. The extraction process using LA:Glu and LP:MA was optimized, and the results showed that the selected variables (%NADES, solid:liquid ratio, and extraction time) had a significant influence on the extraction of TPC and TFC. Results showed that NADES improve the stability of TPC. These findings revealed that NADES are efficient for the extraction of bioactive compounds from orange by-products, and these extracts can represent an alternative for the food industry to enrich food products with natural ingredients.

Huánuco is a central eastern region of Peru whose geography includes high forest and low jungle, as well as a mountain range that constitutes the inter-Andean valleys. It is considered a region endemic for dengue due to the many favorable conditions that facilitate transmission of the virus. A total of 268 serum samples from patients in Huánuco, Peru with an acute febrile illness were assessed for the presence of dengue virus (DENV) via RT-PCR and NS1, IgM, and IgG ELISA during December 2015 and March 2016. DENV was detected in 25% of samples via RT-PCR, 19% of samples by NS1 antigen ELISA, and 10.5% of samples by IgM ELISA. DENV IgG was detected in 15.7% of samples by ELISA. The most frequent symptoms associated with fever across all groups were headache, myalgia, and arthralgia, with no significant difference between the four test methods CONCLUSIONS: In this study, DENV was identified in up to 25% of the samples using the standard laboratory method. In addition, a correlation was established between the frequency of positive results and the serological tests that determine NS1, IgM, and IgG. There is an increasing need for point-of-care tests to strengthen epidemiological surveillance in Peru.