The present research analyzes the impact of nine factors related to household demographics, building equipment, and building characteristics towards a home’s total energy consumption while controlling for climate. To do this, we have surveyed single-family owned houses from the 2015 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) dataset and controlled the analysis by Building America climate zones. Our findings are based on descriptive statistics and multiple regression models, and show that for a median-sized home in three of the five climate zones, heating equipment is still the main contributor to a household’s total energy consumed, followed by home size. Social-economic factors and building age were found relevant for some regions, but often contributed less than size and heating equipment towards total energy consumption. Water heater and education were not found to be statistically relevant in any of the regions. Finally, solar power was only found to be a significant factor in one of the regions, positively contributing to a home’s total energy consumed. These findings are helpful for policymakers to evaluate the specificities of climate regions in their jurisdiction, especially guiding homeowners towards more energy-efficient heating equipment and home configurations, such as reduced size.

Mixed-use developments, having three or more uses within one development, have several benefits for communities, however due to the complexity of these developments, several challenges arise in the planning and development phases. The main challenges are local regulations, neighborhood opposition, financing, and insufficient market interest. A 2004 survey of these challenges was repeated in 2017 and the differences between the two are compared in this paper. Significant differences were found in the frequencies of the challenges, mainly that the proportion has dropped in 2017. However, local regulations remained the most significant challenge encountered. The decrease in frequencies is conceivably a sign that regulators, financers, and members of the community are becoming more familiar with mixed-use developments.