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Physicochemical methods such as adsorption on activated carbon, oxidation with either ozone or Fenton reagent, and chemical precipitation (coagulation), were assessed for the removal of polyethylene glycol (PEG) from wastewater. This contaminant is rarely investigated due to its low toxicity, although its presence limits the use of large water resources. The experimental tests showed that adsorption on activated carbon is well approximated by a Langmuir isotherm, and influenced by contact time, PEG molecular weight, pH, temperature, and initial PEG concentration. Ozonation allowed fragmenting the polymeric chains but was unable to remove completely the PEG, while about 85% of the total organic carbon (TOC) was removed by Fenton oxidation reaction by using a ratio between H2O2 and FeII close to 4. Coagulation did not produce results worthy of note, most likely because the uncharged PEG molecule does not interact with the iron hydroxide flocs. However, when performed after the Fenton oxidation (i.e., by simply raising the pH to values > 8), it allowed a further reduction of the residual TOC, up to 96% of the total, in the best case. Based on the resources used by each process studied and in consideration of the effectiveness of each of them, a semi-quantitative comparison on the sustainability of the different approaches is proposed.
Loris Pietrelli; Sergio Ferro; Andrea P. Reverberi; Marco Vocciante. Removal of polyethylene glycols from wastewater: A comparison of different approaches. Chemosphere 2021, 273, 129725 .
AMA StyleLoris Pietrelli, Sergio Ferro, Andrea P. Reverberi, Marco Vocciante. Removal of polyethylene glycols from wastewater: A comparison of different approaches. Chemosphere. 2021; 273 ():129725.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoris Pietrelli; Sergio Ferro; Andrea P. Reverberi; Marco Vocciante. 2021. "Removal of polyethylene glycols from wastewater: A comparison of different approaches." Chemosphere 273, no. : 129725.
An experimental study of hydrogen sulfide adsorption on a fixed bed for biogas purification is proposed. The adsorbent investigated was powdered hematite, synthesized by a wet-chemical precipitation method and further activated with copper (II) oxide, used both as produced and after pelletization with polyvinyl alcohol as a binder. The pelletization procedure aims at optimizing the mechanical properties of the pellet without reducing the specific surface area. The active substrate has been characterized in its chemical composition and physical properties by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and N2 physisorption/desorption for the determination of surface area. Both powders and pellets have been tested as sorbents for biogas purification in a fixed bed of a steady-state adsorption column and the relevant breakthrough curves were determined for different operating conditions. The performance was critically analyzed and compared with that typical of other commercial sorbents based on zinc oxide or relying upon specific compounds supported on a chemically inert matrix (SulfaTreat®). The technique proposed may represent a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to commercial sorbents in conventional desulphurization processes.
Camilla Costa; Matteo Cornacchia; Marcello Pagliero; Bruno Fabiano; Marco Vocciante; Andrea Reverberi. Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption by Iron Oxides and Their Polymer Composites: A Case-Study Application to Biogas Purification. Materials 2020, 13, 4725 .
AMA StyleCamilla Costa, Matteo Cornacchia, Marcello Pagliero, Bruno Fabiano, Marco Vocciante, Andrea Reverberi. Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption by Iron Oxides and Their Polymer Composites: A Case-Study Application to Biogas Purification. Materials. 2020; 13 (21):4725.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCamilla Costa; Matteo Cornacchia; Marcello Pagliero; Bruno Fabiano; Marco Vocciante; Andrea Reverberi. 2020. "Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption by Iron Oxides and Their Polymer Composites: A Case-Study Application to Biogas Purification." Materials 13, no. 21: 4725.
A low-energy, magnetically-driven milling technique for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is proposed, where the grinding medium and the metal precursor consisting of silver spheres have the same shape and size, belonging to a millimetric scale. The process is carried out at room temperature in aqueous solvent, where different types of capping agents have been dissolved to damp particle agglomeration. The particle diameters, determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, have been compared with those typical of conventional wet-chemical bottom-up synthesis processes. The use of milling spheres and metal precursor of the same initial shape and size allows to overcome some drawbacks and limitations distinctive of conventional bead-milling equipment, generally requiring complex operations of separation and recovery of milling media. The milling bead/nanoparticle diameter ratio obtained by this approach is higher than that typical of most previous wet bead milling techniques. The method described here represents a simple, one-pot, cost-effective, and eco-friendly process for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles starting from a bulky solid.
Andrea Pietro Reverberi; Marco Vocciante; Marco Salerno; Maurizio Ferretti; Bruno Fabiano. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Low-Energy Wet Bead Milling of Metal Spheres. Materials 2019, 13, 63 .
AMA StyleAndrea Pietro Reverberi, Marco Vocciante, Marco Salerno, Maurizio Ferretti, Bruno Fabiano. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Low-Energy Wet Bead Milling of Metal Spheres. Materials. 2019; 13 (1):63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Pietro Reverberi; Marco Vocciante; Marco Salerno; Maurizio Ferretti; Bruno Fabiano. 2019. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Low-Energy Wet Bead Milling of Metal Spheres." Materials 13, no. 1: 63.
The performances of an innovative material based on graphene multilayers in a 3D structure similar to expanded graphite, Grafysorber® G+ (Directa Plus), have been tested via in field applications on a real contaminated site. Several experimental tests were performed using Grafysorber® inside adsorbent devices (booms and pillows) to treat waters polluted by oil. The experimental campaign was carried out with the aim of comparing the performances of Grafysorber® with those of polypropylene (PP), which is the material used worldwide in case of water oil spill clean-up activities. The results achieved have confirmed a considerably higher selective adsorption capacity of Grafysorber® compared to PP, and configure the new material as a promising alternative to standard materials in enhancing oil spill remediation by selective adsorption.
Marco Vocciante; Antonio Finocchi; Alessandra De Folly D′auris; Alessandro Conte; Jacopo Tonziello; Annalisa Pola; Andrea Pietro Reverberi. Enhanced Oil Spill Remediation by Adsorption with Interlinked Multilayered Graphene. Materials 2019, 12, 2231 .
AMA StyleMarco Vocciante, Antonio Finocchi, Alessandra De Folly D′auris, Alessandro Conte, Jacopo Tonziello, Annalisa Pola, Andrea Pietro Reverberi. Enhanced Oil Spill Remediation by Adsorption with Interlinked Multilayered Graphene. Materials. 2019; 12 (14):2231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Vocciante; Antonio Finocchi; Alessandra De Folly D′auris; Alessandro Conte; Jacopo Tonziello; Annalisa Pola; Andrea Pietro Reverberi. 2019. "Enhanced Oil Spill Remediation by Adsorption with Interlinked Multilayered Graphene." Materials 12, no. 14: 2231.
In this brief survey, the use of nanoparticle dispersions in machining processes is discussed and the relevant applicational performances are analysed and related to the structural and chemical composition of the embedded nanophase. The paper is divided in two basic parts. In the former, the metalworking nanofluids are classified with respect to the physico-chemical properties of the nanostructured phase suspended in the base fluid. In the latter, some aspects concerning the production of metalworking nanofluids are analysed and a new green and economically viable technique based on a cementation process for metal nanoparticle synthesis is proposed as an alternative approach to the conventional manufacturing techniques.
A.P. Reverberi; D.M. D’Addona; A.A.G. Bruzzone; R. Teti; B. Fabiano. Nanotechnology in machining processes: recent advances. Procedia CIRP 2019, 79, 3 -8.
AMA StyleA.P. Reverberi, D.M. D’Addona, A.A.G. Bruzzone, R. Teti, B. Fabiano. Nanotechnology in machining processes: recent advances. Procedia CIRP. 2019; 79 ():3-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.P. Reverberi; D.M. D’Addona; A.A.G. Bruzzone; R. Teti; B. Fabiano. 2019. "Nanotechnology in machining processes: recent advances." Procedia CIRP 79, no. : 3-8.
A simulation study is proposed where a reaction-diffusion equation in a semi-infinite medium is numerically solved by a second-order approximate finite-difference method. The non-linearities present both in the diffusivity and in the kinetic term required a proper iterative method that proved to be satisfactory in robustness and efficiency. The dynamics of the moving front were investigated in the absence and presence of a chemical reaction. In the former case, a non-linear diffusivity led to correlations between the speed of the diffusion front and the strength of interactions between diffusing species, though preserving the classical time scaling. In the latter, a genuine non-classical trend of the travelling front was detected for long times, in agreement with the recent studies concerning anomalous diffusion. An analytical approach based on scaling considerations motivated the numerical results. This study may explain the onset of a subdiffusive trend in reaction-diffusion front dynamics observed in permeation experiments through layers of different substrates, such as catalytic beds and building materials.
Andrea Pietro Reverberi; Marco Vocciante; Bruno Fabiano. Scaling effects and front propagation in a class of reaction-diffusion equations: From classic to anomalous diffusion. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019, 377, 121154 .
AMA StyleAndrea Pietro Reverberi, Marco Vocciante, Bruno Fabiano. Scaling effects and front propagation in a class of reaction-diffusion equations: From classic to anomalous diffusion. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019; 377 ():121154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Pietro Reverberi; Marco Vocciante; Bruno Fabiano. 2019. "Scaling effects and front propagation in a class of reaction-diffusion equations: From classic to anomalous diffusion." Chemical Engineering Journal 377, no. : 121154.
A survey addressing the uses of bismuth oxide in photocatalysis is presented. The richness of literature on such a specific topic proves the growing importance of this compound as a valid tool in pollution abatement and environmental decontamination. Many research groups have focused their activity on how to improve the photocatalytic properties of this semiconductor and several solutions have been adopted in the synthesis method, often based on wet-chemical processes. The impressive development of nanoscience helped in understanding and identifying process variables and operative conditions aiming at optimizing the yield of this promising photocatalytic material in the utilization of solar energy.
Andrea P. Reverberi; Petar Varbanov; M. Vocciante; B. Fabiano. Bismuth oxide-related photocatalysts in green nanotechnology: A critical analysis. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018, 12, 878 -892.
AMA StyleAndrea P. Reverberi, Petar Varbanov, M. Vocciante, B. Fabiano. Bismuth oxide-related photocatalysts in green nanotechnology: A critical analysis. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering. 2018; 12 (4):878-892.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea P. Reverberi; Petar Varbanov; M. Vocciante; B. Fabiano. 2018. "Bismuth oxide-related photocatalysts in green nanotechnology: A critical analysis." Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 12, no. 4: 878-892.
The search for an ideal orbital implant is still ongoing in the field of ocular biomaterials. Major limitations of currently-available porous implants include the high cost along with a non-negligible risk of exposure and postoperative infection due to conjunctival abrasion. In the effort to develop better alternatives to the existing devices, two types of new glass-ceramic porous implants were fabricated by sponge replication, which is a relatively inexpensive method. Then, they were characterized by direct three-dimensional (3D) contact probe mapping in real space by means of atomic force microscopy in order to assess their surface micro- and nano-features, which were quantitatively compared to those of the most commonly-used orbital implants. These silicate glass-ceramic materials exhibit a surface roughness in the range of a few hundred nanometers (Sq within 500–700 nm) and topographical features comparable to those of clinically-used “gold-standard” alumina and polyethylene porous orbital implants. However, it was noted that both experimental and commercial non-porous implants were significantly smoother than all the porous ones. The results achieved in this work reveal that these porous glass-ceramic materials show promise for the intended application and encourage further investigation of their clinical suitability.
Marco Salerno; Andrea Pietro Reverberi; Francesco Baino. Nanoscale Topographical Characterization of Orbital Implant Materials. Materials 2018, 11, 660 .
AMA StyleMarco Salerno, Andrea Pietro Reverberi, Francesco Baino. Nanoscale Topographical Characterization of Orbital Implant Materials. Materials. 2018; 11 (5):660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Salerno; Andrea Pietro Reverberi; Francesco Baino. 2018. "Nanoscale Topographical Characterization of Orbital Implant Materials." Materials 11, no. 5: 660.
Copper nanoparticles have been synthesized in ethylene glycol (EG) using copper sulphate as a precursor and vanadium sulfate as an atypical reductant being active at room temperature. We have described a technique for a relatively simple preparation of such a reagent, which has been electrolytically produced without using standard procedures requiring an inert atmosphere and a mercury cathode. Several stabilizing agents have been tested and cationic capping agents have been discarded owing to the formation of complex compounds with copper ions leading to insoluble phases contaminating the metallic nanoparticles. The elemental copper nanoparticles, stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), have been characterized for composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and for size by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), giving a size distribution in the range of 40–50 nm for both stabilizing agents. From a methodological point of view, the process described here may represent an alternative to other wet-chemical techniques for metal nanoparticle synthesis in non-aqueous media based on conventional organic or inorganic reductants.
Andrea Pietro Reverberi; Marco Salerno; Simone Lauciello; Bruno Fabiano. Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles in Ethylene Glycol by Chemical Reduction with Vanadium (+2) Salts. Materials 2016, 9, 809 .
AMA StyleAndrea Pietro Reverberi, Marco Salerno, Simone Lauciello, Bruno Fabiano. Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles in Ethylene Glycol by Chemical Reduction with Vanadium (+2) Salts. Materials. 2016; 9 (10):809.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Pietro Reverberi; Marco Salerno; Simone Lauciello; Bruno Fabiano. 2016. "Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles in Ethylene Glycol by Chemical Reduction with Vanadium (+2) Salts." Materials 9, no. 10: 809.
We propose a short review paper on the mainly adopted techniques for the production of metal nanoparticles in industrial and laboratory scale. The methods are grouped according to the wellknown classification in bottom-up and top-down schemes, with a particular emphasis on the operating conditions specifically adopted. Namely, some aspects concerning the experimental setup, the choice of precursors and reactants and the relevant technical advantages/limitations of the methods are discussed and compared in light of the most recent issues in matter of metal nanoparticles synthesis.
A. P. Reverberi; N. T. Kuznetsov; V. P. Meshalkin; M. Salerno; B. Fabiano. Systematical analysis of chemical methods in metal nanoparticles synthesis. Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 2016, 50, 59 -66.
AMA StyleA. P. Reverberi, N. T. Kuznetsov, V. P. Meshalkin, M. Salerno, B. Fabiano. Systematical analysis of chemical methods in metal nanoparticles synthesis. Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering. 2016; 50 (1):59-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. P. Reverberi; N. T. Kuznetsov; V. P. Meshalkin; M. Salerno; B. Fabiano. 2016. "Systematical analysis of chemical methods in metal nanoparticles synthesis." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 50, no. 1: 59-66.
Pressure drop is an important consideration in Total Site Heat Integration (TSHI). This is due to the typically large distances between the different plants and the flow across plant elevations and equipment, including heat exchangers. Failure to consider pressure drop during utility targeting and heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis may, at best, lead to optimistic energy targets, and at worst, an inoperable system if the pumps or compressors cannot overcome the actual pressure drop. Most studies have addressed the pressure drop factor in terms of pumping cost, forbidden matches or allowable pressure drop constraints in the optimisation of HEN. This study looks at the implication of pressure drop in the context of a Total Site. The graphical Pinch-based TSHI methodology is extended to consider the pressure drop factor during the minimum energy requirement (MER) targeting stage. The improved methodology provides a more realistic estimation of the MER targets and valuable insights for the implementation of the TSHI design. In the case study, when pressure drop in the steam distribution networks is considered, the heating and cooling duties increase by 14.5% and 4.5%.
Kew Hong Chew; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Andrea Pietro Reverberi. Total Site Heat Integration Considering Pressure Drops. Energies 2015, 8, 1114 -1137.
AMA StyleKew Hong Chew, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Andrea Pietro Reverberi. Total Site Heat Integration Considering Pressure Drops. Energies. 2015; 8 (2):1114-1137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKew Hong Chew; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Andrea Pietro Reverberi. 2015. "Total Site Heat Integration Considering Pressure Drops." Energies 8, no. 2: 1114-1137.
Combined heat and power (CHP) systems in both power stations and large plants are becoming one of the most important tools for reducing energy requirements and consequently the overall carbon footprint of fundamental industrial activities. While power stations employ topping cycles where the heat rejected from the cycle is supplied to domestic and industrial consumers, the plants that produce surplus heat can utilise bottoming cycles to generate electrical power. Traditionally the waste heat available at high temperatures was used to generate electrical power, whereas energy at lower temperatures was either released to the environment or used for commercial or domestic heating. However the introduction of new engines, such as the ones using the organic Rankine cycle, capable of employing condensing temperatures very close to the ambient temperature, has made the generation of electrical power at low temperatures also convenient. On the other hand, district heating is becoming more and more significant since it has been extended to include cooling in the warm months and underground storage of thermal energy to cope with variable demand. These developments imply that electric power generation and district heating/cooling may become alternative and not complementary solutions for waste energy of industrial plants. Therefore the overall energy management requires the introduction of an optimisation algorithm to select the best strategy. In this paper we propose an algorithm for the minimisation of a suitable cost function, for any given variable heat demand from commercial and domestic users, with respect to all independent variables, i.e., temperatures and flowrates of warm fluid streams leaving the plants and volume and nature of underground storage. The results of the preliminary process integration analysis based on pinch technology are used in this algorithm to provide bounds on the values of temperatures.
Andrea Reverberi; Adriana Del Borghi; Vincenzo Dovì. Optimal Design of Cogeneration Systems in Industrial Plants Combined with District Heating/Cooling and Underground Thermal Energy Storage. Energies 2011, 4, 2151 -2165.
AMA StyleAndrea Reverberi, Adriana Del Borghi, Vincenzo Dovì. Optimal Design of Cogeneration Systems in Industrial Plants Combined with District Heating/Cooling and Underground Thermal Energy Storage. Energies. 2011; 4 (12):2151-2165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Reverberi; Adriana Del Borghi; Vincenzo Dovì. 2011. "Optimal Design of Cogeneration Systems in Industrial Plants Combined with District Heating/Cooling and Underground Thermal Energy Storage." Energies 4, no. 12: 2151-2165.
We propose unsteady-state reverse osmosis cell modelling in two dimensions. The convection-diffusion equation describing the concentration of the relevant chemical species is solved by a finite difference technique, while the velocity field is described by empirical expressions for spiral-wound membrane cells. A non-constant permeability is introduced to take into account the effects of membrane compaction at high operating pressures. The role of concentration polarization is discussed for different values of the parameters describing the global process. Finally, the model is applied to predict the effects of a pulsating flow where a cyclic pressure feed is adopted to enhance the permeate flux. In this context, an experimental validation of the model is proposed.
A. P. Reverberi; V. P. Meshalkin; C. Cerrato; Yu. O. Savina. Dynamics of a reverse osmosis unit with application to pulsating regimes for process optimization. Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 2011, 45, 190 -197.
AMA StyleA. P. Reverberi, V. P. Meshalkin, C. Cerrato, Yu. O. Savina. Dynamics of a reverse osmosis unit with application to pulsating regimes for process optimization. Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering. 2011; 45 (2):190-197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. P. Reverberi; V. P. Meshalkin; C. Cerrato; Yu. O. Savina. 2011. "Dynamics of a reverse osmosis unit with application to pulsating regimes for process optimization." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 45, no. 2: 190-197.