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Three different Digital Surface Models (DSMs) generated from LiDAR data are presented. The LiDAR information has been considered as raw data (DSM3) and subjected to some transformations to better represent the urban environment (DSM1). DSM2 is an intermediate state between DSM1 and DSM3. On the other hand, a hydraulic model has been run for each DSM and for two return periods (25 and 500 years), obtaining in all cases the graphical outputs of depths, velocities, Froude numbers and hazard. The different DSMs are named DSM1, DSM2 and DSM3, which can be downloaded in TIN format. The hydraulic outputs associated with the different DSMs can be downloaded in raster format and are named as follows: the Digital Surface Model to which it refers, the return period considered and the type of hydraulic output (depth, velocity, Froude number and hazard). DSM1: Digital Surface Model 1 (TIN format). dsm1_25depth: Depths obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm1_25froud: Froude numbers obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm1_25haz: Hazard obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm1_25veloc: Velocities obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm1_500depth: Depths obtained when considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm1_500froud: Froude numbers obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm1_500haz: Hazard obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm1_500veloc: Velocities obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). DSM2: Digital Surface Model 2 (TIN format). dsm2_25depth: Depths obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm2_25froud: Froude numbers obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm2_25haz: Hazard obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm2_25veloc: Velocities obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm2_500depth: Depths obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm2_500froud: Froude numbers obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm2_500haz: Hazard obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm2_500veloc: Velocities obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). DSM3: Digital Surface Model 2 (TIN format). dsm3_25depth: Depths obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm3_25froud: Froude numbers obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm3_25haz: Hazard obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm3_25veloc: Velocities obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm3_500depth: Depths obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm3_500froud: Froude numbers obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm3_500haz: Hazard obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm3_500veloc: Velocities obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format).
Estefanía Aroca-Jiménez; Miguel Ángel Eguibar Galán; José María Bodoque del Pozo. Comparison among three different Digital Surface Models and their respective hydraulic outcomes in the flood-prone urban area of Navaluenga (Ávila, Spain). 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleEstefanía Aroca-Jiménez, Miguel Ángel Eguibar Galán, José María Bodoque del Pozo. Comparison among three different Digital Surface Models and their respective hydraulic outcomes in the flood-prone urban area of Navaluenga (Ávila, Spain). . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstefanía Aroca-Jiménez; Miguel Ángel Eguibar Galán; José María Bodoque del Pozo. 2021. "Comparison among three different Digital Surface Models and their respective hydraulic outcomes in the flood-prone urban area of Navaluenga (Ávila, Spain)." , no. : 1.
Three different Digital Surface Models (DSMs) generated from LiDAR data are presented. The LiDAR information has been considered as raw data (DSM3) and subjected to some transformations to better represent the urban environment (DSM1). DSM2 is an intermediate state between DSM1 and DSM3. On the other hand, a hydraulic model has been run for each DSM and for two return periods (25 and 500 years), obtaining in all cases the graphical outputs of depths, velocities, Froude numbers and hazard. The different DSMs are named DSM1, DSM2 and DSM3, which can be downloaded in TIN format. The hydraulic outputs associated with the different DSMs can be downloaded in raster format and are named as follows: the Digital Surface Model to which it refers, the return period considered and the type of hydraulic output (depth, velocity, Froude number and hazard). DSM1: Digital Surface Model 1 (TIN format). dsm1_25depth: Depths obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm1_25froud: Froude numbers obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm1_25haz: Hazard obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm1_25veloc: Velocities obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm1_500depth: Depths obtained when considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm1_500froud: Froude numbers obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm1_500haz: Hazard obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm1_500veloc: Velocities obtained by considering the DSM1 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). DSM2: Digital Surface Model 2 (TIN format). dsm2_25depth: Depths obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm2_25froud: Froude numbers obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm2_25haz: Hazard obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm2_25veloc: Velocities obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm2_500depth: Depths obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm2_500froud: Froude numbers obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm2_500haz: Hazard obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm2_500veloc: Velocities obtained by considering the DSM2 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). DSM3: Digital Surface Model 2 (TIN format). dsm3_25depth: Depths obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm3_25froud: Froude numbers obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm3_25haz: Hazard obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm3_25veloc: Velocities obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 25-years return period (raster format). dsm3_500depth: Depths obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm3_500froud: Froude numbers obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm3_500haz: Hazard obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format). dsm3_500veloc: Velocities obtained by considering the DSM3 and the flow associated with the 500-years return period (raster format).
Estefanía Aroca-Jiménez; Miguel Ángel Eguibar Galán; José María Bodoque del Pozo. Comparison among three different Digital Surface Models and their respective hydraulic outcomes in the flood-prone urban area of Navaluenga (Ávila, Spain). 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleEstefanía Aroca-Jiménez, Miguel Ángel Eguibar Galán, José María Bodoque del Pozo. Comparison among three different Digital Surface Models and their respective hydraulic outcomes in the flood-prone urban area of Navaluenga (Ávila, Spain). . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstefanía Aroca-Jiménez; Miguel Ángel Eguibar Galán; José María Bodoque del Pozo. 2021. "Comparison among three different Digital Surface Models and their respective hydraulic outcomes in the flood-prone urban area of Navaluenga (Ávila, Spain)." , no. : 1.
In recent decades, a change of paradigm in flood risk management (FRM) has been taking place worldwide. The most current legislation and policies reflect this. This change of paradigm implies a gradual transition towards the adoption of more proactive, integrating strategies which require investment in nature-based solutions (NbS) to mitigate flood risk while ensuring the good status of water bodies and restoring river-floodplain systems. To be effective, this transition should be accompanied by an evolution in governance: from top-down approaches to bottom-up schemes in which empowered and well-endowed stakeholder engagement becomes essential. However, the still limited experiences in implementing this combination present numerous potential difficulties and barriers. We use empirical techniques of social network analysis in combination with latent class cluster analysis to diagnose ex-ante these potential challenges to guide policy makers in designing suitable strategies of communication and involvement of stakeholders in the decision-making process. The analysis is carried out in two stages: (i) identifying and examining the relationships of key stakeholders involved in the management, conservation and exploitation of fluvial systems; and (ii) categorising stakeholders according to their perception of the effectiveness of NbS. Only by creating a cohesive and power-balanced river network is it possible to implement just and legitimate FRM strategy.
Leticia Blázquez; Juan A. García; José M. Bodoque. Stakeholder analysis: Mapping the river networks for integrated flood risk management. Environmental Science & Policy 2021, 124, 506 -516.
AMA StyleLeticia Blázquez, Juan A. García, José M. Bodoque. Stakeholder analysis: Mapping the river networks for integrated flood risk management. Environmental Science & Policy. 2021; 124 ():506-516.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeticia Blázquez; Juan A. García; José M. Bodoque. 2021. "Stakeholder analysis: Mapping the river networks for integrated flood risk management." Environmental Science & Policy 124, no. : 506-516.
Flood risk assessment and management typically rely on flood frequency analysis (FFA), such that planning and countermeasures can be designed based on the discharge that has to be expected at a given location for a given return period. In mountain streams, systematic flow time series are often very short or completely missing, which significantly reduces the reliability of FFA. In fast-flowing mountain streams, the inclusion of non-systematic data obtained from botanical evidence (BE) is seen as an optimal alternative to extend systematic data back in time. However, no comprehensive protocol has been defined so far to tackle FFA using BE. On the basis of recent case studies, we present here an application-oriented protocol with guidelines on how to combine systematic and non-systematic data in FFA containing BE. This study is based on work realized in different mountain streams located in Spain, Poland and India, representing quite diverse physiographic characteristics and differing hydrological regimes. We organize the protocol along the different steps that are typically realized in BE-based FFA: i) dating of floods from BE; ii) estimation of flood flows from paleostage indicators (PSI) and hydrodynamic modelling; as well as iii) FFA using the expected moments algorithm (EMA). The ubiquity of trees growing along (mountain) streams, their longevity and the often large number of flood-affected trees makes them an almost unbeatable data source that can be employed readily and with reasonable efforts to improve the reliability of FFA, especially in data-scarce regions. In addition, the EMA represents a highly efficient tool for the collection of information contained in BE as it can be used with interval, censored and binomial-censored data and on any distributional family that can be operated with the method of moments. Accordingly, we call for more work incorporating BE into FFA in mountain streams, such that flood hazard and risk assessment can be undertaken more robustly and, therefore, more effective risk mitigation measures can be envisaged.
J.M. Bodoque; J.A. Ballesteros-Cánovas; M. Stoffel. An application-oriented protocol for flood frequency analysis based on botanical evidence. Journal of Hydrology 2020, 590, 125242 .
AMA StyleJ.M. Bodoque, J.A. Ballesteros-Cánovas, M. Stoffel. An application-oriented protocol for flood frequency analysis based on botanical evidence. Journal of Hydrology. 2020; 590 ():125242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ.M. Bodoque; J.A. Ballesteros-Cánovas; M. Stoffel. 2020. "An application-oriented protocol for flood frequency analysis based on botanical evidence." Journal of Hydrology 590, no. : 125242.
Flash floods are unexpected events, which evolve rapidly and affect relatively small areas. The short time available for minimising risks requires preparedness and active response. In this context of risk management, the flood risk perception of the local population is the first step towards achieving resilience of people and communities. Although flood risk perception has intrinsic spatial variability, few previous studies take this into account. This paper explores the spatial variability of flash flood risk perception in the village of Navaluenga in Central Spain, using nonparametric and multivariate geostatistical tools. How local people perceived the flash flood risk to their homes was assessed interviewing a representative sample. Results show that considering these flash flood risk related spatial variables enhances people's psychological interpretation of risk perception: the perception of flash flood risk in a short time event is congruent with those spatial variables. These findings determine priority areas for future risk communication plans. They could also be extrapolated to other urban areas with a similar hydrographic configuration, when there is a flood hazard from a main river and potentially flooded minor water courses, which are even closer to houses but are not considered dangerous by the local population.
Carolina Guardiola‐Albert; Andrés Díez‐Herrero; María Amérigo Cuervo-Arango; Jose María Bodoque; Juan A. García; Nuria Naranjo‐Fernández; Estefanía Aroca‐Jiménez. Analysing flash flood risk perception through a geostatistical approach in the village of Navaluenga, Central Spain. Journal of Flood Risk Management 2020, 13, 1 .
AMA StyleCarolina Guardiola‐Albert, Andrés Díez‐Herrero, María Amérigo Cuervo-Arango, Jose María Bodoque, Juan A. García, Nuria Naranjo‐Fernández, Estefanía Aroca‐Jiménez. Analysing flash flood risk perception through a geostatistical approach in the village of Navaluenga, Central Spain. Journal of Flood Risk Management. 2020; 13 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarolina Guardiola‐Albert; Andrés Díez‐Herrero; María Amérigo Cuervo-Arango; Jose María Bodoque; Juan A. García; Nuria Naranjo‐Fernández; Estefanía Aroca‐Jiménez. 2020. "Analysing flash flood risk perception through a geostatistical approach in the village of Navaluenga, Central Spain." Journal of Flood Risk Management 13, no. 1: 1.
Modeling is a useful way to understand human and climate change impacts on the water resources of agricultural watersheds. Calibration and validation methodologies are crucial in forecasting assessments. This study explores the best calibration methodology depending on the level of hydrological alteration due to human-derived stressors. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is used to evaluate hydrology in South-West Europe in a context of intensive agriculture and water scarcity. The Index of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) is calculated using discharge observation data. A comparison of two SWAT calibration methodologies are done; a conventional calibration (CC) based on recorded in-stream water quality and quantity and an additional calibration (AC) adding crop managements practices. Even if the water quality and quantity trends are similar between CC and AC, water balance, irrigation and crop yields are different. In the context of rainfall decrease, water yield decreases in both CC and AC, while crop productions present opposite trends (+33% in CC and −31% in AC). Hydrological performance between CC and AC is correlated to IHA: When the level of IHA is under 80%, AC methodology is necessary. The combination of both calibrations appears essential to better constrain the model and to forecast the impact of climate change or anthropogenic influences on water resources.
Roxelane Cakir; Mélanie Raimonet; Sabine Sauvage; Javier Paredes-Arquiola; Youen Grusson; Laure Roset; Maite Meaurio; Enrique Navarro; Miguel Sevilla Callejo; Juan Luis Lechuga-Crespo; Juan Jesús Gomiz Pascual; Jose María Bodoque; José Miguel Sánchez-Pérez. Hydrological Alteration Index as an Indicator of the Calibration Complexity of Water Quantity and Quality Modeling in the Context of Global Change. Water 2019, 12, 115 .
AMA StyleRoxelane Cakir, Mélanie Raimonet, Sabine Sauvage, Javier Paredes-Arquiola, Youen Grusson, Laure Roset, Maite Meaurio, Enrique Navarro, Miguel Sevilla Callejo, Juan Luis Lechuga-Crespo, Juan Jesús Gomiz Pascual, Jose María Bodoque, José Miguel Sánchez-Pérez. Hydrological Alteration Index as an Indicator of the Calibration Complexity of Water Quantity and Quality Modeling in the Context of Global Change. Water. 2019; 12 (1):115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoxelane Cakir; Mélanie Raimonet; Sabine Sauvage; Javier Paredes-Arquiola; Youen Grusson; Laure Roset; Maite Meaurio; Enrique Navarro; Miguel Sevilla Callejo; Juan Luis Lechuga-Crespo; Juan Jesús Gomiz Pascual; Jose María Bodoque; José Miguel Sánchez-Pérez. 2019. "Hydrological Alteration Index as an Indicator of the Calibration Complexity of Water Quantity and Quality Modeling in the Context of Global Change." Water 12, no. 1: 115.
The application of classical cost-benefit analysis to flood risk mitigation measures can be improved by incorporating new comparative parameters, such as the risk-cost ratio, which is defined here for the first time. In addition, applying these analyses not only to the typical public structural measures (dams, dredging, flood storage reservoirs, transverse drainage works), but also to non-structural measures and self-protection (improving housing resistance to flooding, insurance policies), broadens the range of active risk management options. Last two categories are measures with lower initial investment (thus reducing costs) and visual and environmental impact, making them compatible with the EU Water Framework Directives and flood risk management. All these analyses of economic flood risk have been tested in a small Spanish village in the central Iberian Peninsula. For different flooding scenarios, new proposed RCR criterion allow us a rapid and effective quantification of the efficiency of each of the measures, allowing the ordered classification of the same; as well as the weighting of the results according to the particular needs of the decision makers (prioritizing well the reduction of damages, or the necessary economic investment). Thus, the RCR reveals itself as a powerful tool for flood risk management.
J. Garrote; N. Bernal; A. Díez-Herrero; L.R. Martins; Jose María Bodoque. Civil engineering works versus self-protection measures for the mitigation of floods economic risk. A case study from a new classification criterion for cost-benefit analysis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2019, 37, 101157 .
AMA StyleJ. Garrote, N. Bernal, A. Díez-Herrero, L.R. Martins, Jose María Bodoque. Civil engineering works versus self-protection measures for the mitigation of floods economic risk. A case study from a new classification criterion for cost-benefit analysis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2019; 37 ():101157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Garrote; N. Bernal; A. Díez-Herrero; L.R. Martins; Jose María Bodoque. 2019. "Civil engineering works versus self-protection measures for the mitigation of floods economic risk. A case study from a new classification criterion for cost-benefit analysis." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 37, no. : 101157.
Sheet erosion is among the crucial drivers of soil degradation. Erosion is controlled by environmental factors and human activities, which often lead to severe environmental impacts. The understanding of sheet erosion is, consequently, a worldwide issue with implications for both environment and economies. However, the knowledge on how erosion evolves in space and time is still limited, as well as its effects on the environment. Below, we explain a new dendrogeomorphological protocol for deriving eroded soil thickness (Ex) by acquiring accurate microtopographic data using both terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and microtopographic profile gauges. Additionally, standard dendrogeomorphic procedures, dependent on anatomical variations in root rings, are utilized to establish the timing of exposure. Both TLS and microtopographic profile gauges are used to obtain ground surface profiles, from which Ex is estimated after the threshold distance (TD) is determined, i.e., the distance between the root and the sediment knickpoint, which allows defining the lowering of the ground surface caused by sheet erosion. For each profile, we measured the height between the topside of the root and a virtual plane tangential to the ground surface. In this way, we intended to avoid small-scale impacts of soil deformation, which may be due to pressures exerted by the root system, or by the arrangement of exposed roots. This may provoke small amounts of soil sedimentation or erosion depending on how they physically affect the surface runoff. We demonstrate that an adequate microtopographic characterization of exposed roots and their associated ground surface is very valuable to obtain accurate erosion rates. This finding could be utilized to develop the best management practices designed to eventually halt or perhaps, at least, lessen soil erosion, so that more sustainable management policies can be put into practice.
Jose Maria Bodoque; Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas; Juan Manuel Rubiales; Markus Stoffel. Laboratory and Field Protocol for Estimating Sheet Erosion Rates from Dendrogeomorphology. Journal of Visualized Experiments 2019, e57987 .
AMA StyleJose Maria Bodoque, Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas, Juan Manuel Rubiales, Markus Stoffel. Laboratory and Field Protocol for Estimating Sheet Erosion Rates from Dendrogeomorphology. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 2019; (143):e57987.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJose Maria Bodoque; Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas; Juan Manuel Rubiales; Markus Stoffel. 2019. "Laboratory and Field Protocol for Estimating Sheet Erosion Rates from Dendrogeomorphology." Journal of Visualized Experiments , no. 143: e57987.
Flood risk management is gradually shifting from a risk-based approach to an integrated one that, among other elements, considers risk communication (RC) as a means of boosting resilience. Regardless of the above, few scientists have tackled up to now the integration of RC into flood risk management. In this connection, this particular study seeks to check out the potential of a risk dialogue approach (based on an ad hoc RC strategy) to change attitudes and behaviours in relation to flash flood risk. Via a pre-post survey design, we evaluated risk perception and awareness regarding a Civil Protection Plan (CPP) implemented locally (i.e., in the municipality of Navaluenga, central Spain). For this particular objective, a questionnaire survey was created, and 201 adults (representing more than 10% of the population census) were interviewed twice in a one-year period. Before the second survey, an RC strategy was created. The RC strategy comprised briefings, quiz answers, storytelling, a contest of videos and photographs about past floods, and an intergenerational workshop. A t-test for paired sample analyses and a general linear model (GLM) repeated measures ANOVA were applied to identify changes in risk perception and awareness. Our results indicate that the RC strategy did increase flood risk perception in Navaluenga in the long term (lifetime). Also, it increased the level of awareness of the various features that comprise the CPP, enabling people to be more competent in facing a flash flood. Some cognitive biases detected in the perceptual process of human beings may shed some light on the results obtained. The implementation of well-thought-out RC strategies can play a role in improving resilience, particularly in geographic areas such as the Iberian Peninsula, in which climate change scenarios indicate a likely increase in the severity and frequency of flooding.
J.M. Bodoque; A. Díez-Herrero; M. Amerigo; J.A. García; J. Olcina. Enhancing flash flood risk perception and awareness of mitigation actions through risk communication: A pre-post survey design. Journal of Hydrology 2018, 568, 769 -779.
AMA StyleJ.M. Bodoque, A. Díez-Herrero, M. Amerigo, J.A. García, J. Olcina. Enhancing flash flood risk perception and awareness of mitigation actions through risk communication: A pre-post survey design. Journal of Hydrology. 2018; 568 ():769-779.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ.M. Bodoque; A. Díez-Herrero; M. Amerigo; J.A. García; J. Olcina. 2018. "Enhancing flash flood risk perception and awareness of mitigation actions through risk communication: A pre-post survey design." Journal of Hydrology 568, no. : 769-779.
Economic losses caused by flash floods are expected to rise worldwide in the coming decades, which is largely due to the increasing exposure of elements at risk. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the economic context of the potentially affected areas is highly recommendable. Numerous papers have been published to date that focus on quantifying vulnerability in general and in areas affected by floods in particular. However, the number of studies devoted to flash flood-prone areas is far lower. Integrated economic vulnerability assessment enable one to learn what characteristics explain, trigger, intensify, and attenuate the exposure, sensitivity, and resilience of economically vulnerable populations, which can be combined to achieve an Integrated Economic Vulnerability Index (IEVI). The methodology deployed here was conducted in Castilla y León (northwest Spain; 94.223 km2) and has allowed the economic vulnerability of urban areas to be analyzed, which has been primarily addressed by the estimation of economic losses or, more recently, including a few economic variables within social vulnerability assessments. Thus, 118 economic variables were initially gathered and then divided into groups through a hierarchical segmentation analysis. Subsequently, variables were combined employing a principal components analysis, giving rise to the economic vulnerability factors that were subsequently aggregated to construct the IEVI. Tolerance statistic was used as a weighting method to define the IEVI, whereas quintiles were chosen as a statistical criterion to map economic vulnerability. As a final step, latent class cluster analysis was implemented to identify spatial patterns of vulnerability. Our findings show that IEVI scores have a high spatial variability and a high degree of complexity in the relationships among different vulnerability factors. Moreover, they help to identify spatial patterns of vulnerability, which makes the design of suitable vulnerability reduction strategies possible, thereby improving the efficiency of flood risk management plans and policies.
Estefanía Aroca-Jiménez; José M. Bodoque; Juan A. García; Andrés Díez-Herrero. A quantitative methodology for the assessment of the regional economic vulnerability to flash floods. Journal of Hydrology 2018, 565, 386 -399.
AMA StyleEstefanía Aroca-Jiménez, José M. Bodoque, Juan A. García, Andrés Díez-Herrero. A quantitative methodology for the assessment of the regional economic vulnerability to flash floods. Journal of Hydrology. 2018; 565 ():386-399.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstefanía Aroca-Jiménez; José M. Bodoque; Juan A. García; Andrés Díez-Herrero. 2018. "A quantitative methodology for the assessment of the regional economic vulnerability to flash floods." Journal of Hydrology 565, no. : 386-399.
Flash floods represent one of the more usual natural hazards in mountain basins, and, combined with the lack of reliable flow data and the recreational use of the drainage basin by tourists and hikers, there is a significant risk of catastrophe. Here, we present a dendro-geomorphological reconstruction of a past flash flood event in the Caldera de Taburiente N.P. (Canary Islands, Spain), an ungauged drainage basin in the SW side of the volcanic island of La Palma. We couple two-dimensional hydraulic modelling in a highly-resolved topographic environment (LiDAR data) with (1) peak flow data for various Tyear return periods from an uncalibrated hydrological model and (2) a data set of scars on trees, to investigate the magnitude of a 1997 dated flash-flood. From the results, flood hazards and associated risks would be clearly underestimated by using only the unique available hydrological data (a rainfall gauge station downstream of the study area). Hydraulic models using scars data show a higher flood hazard scenario, improving the flood hazard map by using all available flood evidence. Moreover, all this will allow for better implementation of appropriate adaptation policies by National Park managers, and therefore the mitigation of future disasters.
Julio Garrote; Andrés Díez-Herrero; Mar Génova; José M. Bodoque; María A. Perucha; Pablo L. Mayer. Improving Flood Maps in Ungauged Fluvial Basins with Dendrogeomorphological Data. An Example from the Caldera de Taburiente National Park (Canary Islands, Spain). Geosciences 2018, 8, 300 .
AMA StyleJulio Garrote, Andrés Díez-Herrero, Mar Génova, José M. Bodoque, María A. Perucha, Pablo L. Mayer. Improving Flood Maps in Ungauged Fluvial Basins with Dendrogeomorphological Data. An Example from the Caldera de Taburiente National Park (Canary Islands, Spain). Geosciences. 2018; 8 (8):300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulio Garrote; Andrés Díez-Herrero; Mar Génova; José M. Bodoque; María A. Perucha; Pablo L. Mayer. 2018. "Improving Flood Maps in Ungauged Fluvial Basins with Dendrogeomorphological Data. An Example from the Caldera de Taburiente National Park (Canary Islands, Spain)." Geosciences 8, no. 8: 300.
Las Angustias River is an ungauged stream in the Caldera de Taburiente National Park (Spain), where frequent intense flash-flood events occur. The aim of this research is to analyze the flood hazard at the Playa de Taburiente. Based on the limited information available (short time-series of daily precipitation), a statistical frequency analysis of 24 h rainfall was completed and the precipitation results were transformed into surface runoff. To determine if the model underestimates the flows that are generated in the basin, the dendro-geomorphological information available was used to calibrate results. The results of the HMS model were significantly lower. At this point, both the rainfall data and the rainfall-runoff model were re-analyzed to maximize the rainfall intensity values and the runoff generated (increasing the CN value for the basin). For the 1997 flood event, a 1250 m3·s−1 flood minimizes the RMSE for the disturbed tree sample; this flow value also clearly exceeds any peak flow derived from the rainfall-runoff analysis. It is only when rainfall intensity and surface runoff are maximized that the peak flows obtained approximate those associated with dendro-geomorphological data. The results highlight the difficulties of flood hazard management in ungauged torrential basins in mountain recreational areas (such as National Parks). Thus, in the absence of flow records, when considering the maximum rainfall intensity scenario may be a useful and effective tool for flood risk management.
Julio Garrote; Andrés Díez-Herrero; José M. Bodoque; María A. Perucha; Pablo L. Mayer; Mar Génova. Flood Hazard Management in Public Mountain Recreation Areas vs. Ungauged Fluvial Basins. Case Study of the Caldera de Taburiente National Park, Canary Islands (Spain). Geosciences 2017, 8, 6 .
AMA StyleJulio Garrote, Andrés Díez-Herrero, José M. Bodoque, María A. Perucha, Pablo L. Mayer, Mar Génova. Flood Hazard Management in Public Mountain Recreation Areas vs. Ungauged Fluvial Basins. Case Study of the Caldera de Taburiente National Park, Canary Islands (Spain). Geosciences. 2017; 8 (1):6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulio Garrote; Andrés Díez-Herrero; José M. Bodoque; María A. Perucha; Pablo L. Mayer; Mar Génova. 2017. "Flood Hazard Management in Public Mountain Recreation Areas vs. Ungauged Fluvial Basins. Case Study of the Caldera de Taburiente National Park, Canary Islands (Spain)." Geosciences 8, no. 1: 6.
Among the natural hazards, flash flooding is the leading cause of weather-related deaths. Flood risk management (FRM) in this context requires a comprehensive assessment of the social risk component. In this regard, integrated social vulnerability (ISV) can incorporate spatial distribution and contribution and the combined effect of exposure, sensitivity and resilience to total vulnerability, although these components are often disregarded. ISV is defined by the demographic and socio-economic characteristics that condition a population's capacity to cope with, resist and recover from risk and can be expressed as the integrated social vulnerability index (ISVI). This study describes a methodological approach towards constructing the ISVI in urban areas prone to flash flooding in Castilla y León (Castile and León, northern central Spain, 94 223 km2, 2 478 376 inhabitants). A hierarchical segmentation analysis (HSA) was performed prior to the principal components analysis (PCA), which helped to overcome the sample size limitation inherent in PCA. ISVI was obtained from weighting vulnerability factors based on the tolerance statistic. In addition, latent class cluster analysis (LCCA) was carried out to identify spatial patterns of vulnerability within the study area. Our results show that the ISVI has high spatial variability. Moreover, the source of vulnerability in each urban area cluster can be identified from LCCA. These findings make it possible to design tailor-made strategies for FRM, thereby increasing the efficiency of plans and policies and helping to reduce the cost of mitigation measures.
Estefania Aroca-Jimenez; Jose Maria Bodoque; Juan Antonio Garcia; Andres Diez-Herrero. Construction of an integrated social vulnerability index in urban areas prone to flash flooding. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2017, 17, 1541 -1557.
AMA StyleEstefania Aroca-Jimenez, Jose Maria Bodoque, Juan Antonio Garcia, Andres Diez-Herrero. Construction of an integrated social vulnerability index in urban areas prone to flash flooding. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2017; 17 (9):1541-1557.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstefania Aroca-Jimenez; Jose Maria Bodoque; Juan Antonio Garcia; Andres Diez-Herrero. 2017. "Construction of an integrated social vulnerability index in urban areas prone to flash flooding." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 9: 1541-1557.
José María Bodoque; Juan Antonio Ballesteros‐Cánovas; Juan M Rubiales; María Ángeles Perucha; Estela Nadal‐Romero; Markus Stoffel. Quantifying Soil Erosion from Hiking Trail in a Protected Natural Area in the Spanish Pyrenees. Land Degradation & Development 2017, 28, 2255 -2267.
AMA StyleJosé María Bodoque, Juan Antonio Ballesteros‐Cánovas, Juan M Rubiales, María Ángeles Perucha, Estela Nadal‐Romero, Markus Stoffel. Quantifying Soil Erosion from Hiking Trail in a Protected Natural Area in the Spanish Pyrenees. Land Degradation & Development. 2017; 28 (7):2255-2267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé María Bodoque; Juan Antonio Ballesteros‐Cánovas; Juan M Rubiales; María Ángeles Perucha; Estela Nadal‐Romero; Markus Stoffel. 2017. "Quantifying Soil Erosion from Hiking Trail in a Protected Natural Area in the Spanish Pyrenees." Land Degradation & Development 28, no. 7: 2255-2267.
Iñaki Antiguedad; Ane Zabaleta; Miren Martinez-Santos; Estilita Ruiz; Jesus Uriarte; Tomas Morales; Francisco A. Comin; Fabian Carranza; Cecilia Español; Enrique Navarro; José Maria Bodoque; Julian Ladera; David Brito; Ramiro Neves; Léonard Bernard-Jannin; Xiaoling Sun; Samuel Teissier; Sabine Sauvage; José-Miguel Sanchez-Perez. A simple multi-criteria approach to delimitate nitrate attenuation zones in alluvial floodplains. Four cases in south-western Europe. Ecological Engineering 2017, 103, 315 -331.
AMA StyleIñaki Antiguedad, Ane Zabaleta, Miren Martinez-Santos, Estilita Ruiz, Jesus Uriarte, Tomas Morales, Francisco A. Comin, Fabian Carranza, Cecilia Español, Enrique Navarro, José Maria Bodoque, Julian Ladera, David Brito, Ramiro Neves, Léonard Bernard-Jannin, Xiaoling Sun, Samuel Teissier, Sabine Sauvage, José-Miguel Sanchez-Perez. A simple multi-criteria approach to delimitate nitrate attenuation zones in alluvial floodplains. Four cases in south-western Europe. Ecological Engineering. 2017; 103 ():315-331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIñaki Antiguedad; Ane Zabaleta; Miren Martinez-Santos; Estilita Ruiz; Jesus Uriarte; Tomas Morales; Francisco A. Comin; Fabian Carranza; Cecilia Español; Enrique Navarro; José Maria Bodoque; Julian Ladera; David Brito; Ramiro Neves; Léonard Bernard-Jannin; Xiaoling Sun; Samuel Teissier; Sabine Sauvage; José-Miguel Sanchez-Perez. 2017. "A simple multi-criteria approach to delimitate nitrate attenuation zones in alluvial floodplains. Four cases in south-western Europe." Ecological Engineering 103, no. : 315-331.
Francisco A. Comin; José M. Sánchez-Pérez; Cecilia Español; Fabián Carranza; Sabine Sauvage; Iñaki Antiguedad; Ane Zabaleta; Miren Martinez-Santos; Magali Gerino; Jing M. Yao; Jose María Bodoque; Julian Ladera; José Luis Yela; Samuel Teissier; Léonard Bernard-Jannin; Xiaoling Sun; Enrique Navarro; Eric Pinelli; Ousama Chamsi; Ramiro Neves; David Brito; Estilita Ruiz; Jesus Uriarte; Juan J. Jiménez; Mercedes García; Alberto Barcos; Ricardo Sorando. Floodplain capacity to depollute water in relation to the structure of biological communities. Ecological Engineering 2017, 103, 301 -314.
AMA StyleFrancisco A. Comin, José M. Sánchez-Pérez, Cecilia Español, Fabián Carranza, Sabine Sauvage, Iñaki Antiguedad, Ane Zabaleta, Miren Martinez-Santos, Magali Gerino, Jing M. Yao, Jose María Bodoque, Julian Ladera, José Luis Yela, Samuel Teissier, Léonard Bernard-Jannin, Xiaoling Sun, Enrique Navarro, Eric Pinelli, Ousama Chamsi, Ramiro Neves, David Brito, Estilita Ruiz, Jesus Uriarte, Juan J. Jiménez, Mercedes García, Alberto Barcos, Ricardo Sorando. Floodplain capacity to depollute water in relation to the structure of biological communities. Ecological Engineering. 2017; 103 ():301-314.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco A. Comin; José M. Sánchez-Pérez; Cecilia Español; Fabián Carranza; Sabine Sauvage; Iñaki Antiguedad; Ane Zabaleta; Miren Martinez-Santos; Magali Gerino; Jing M. Yao; Jose María Bodoque; Julian Ladera; José Luis Yela; Samuel Teissier; Léonard Bernard-Jannin; Xiaoling Sun; Enrique Navarro; Eric Pinelli; Ousama Chamsi; Ramiro Neves; David Brito; Estilita Ruiz; Jesus Uriarte; Juan J. Jiménez; Mercedes García; Alberto Barcos; Ricardo Sorando. 2017. "Floodplain capacity to depollute water in relation to the structure of biological communities." Ecological Engineering 103, no. : 301-314.
Badlands and gullied areas are among those geomorphic environments with the highest erosion rates worldwide. Nevertheless, records of their evolution and their relations with anthropogenic land transformation are scarcer. Here we combine historical data with aerial photographs and tree-ring records to reconstruct the evolution of a badland in a Mediterranean environment of Central Spain. Historical sources suggest an anthropogenic origin of this badland landscape, caused by intense quarrying activities during the 18th century. Aerial photographs allowed detection of dramatic geomorphic changes and the evolution of an emerging vegetation cover since the 1960s, due to widespread reforestation. Finally, tree-ring analyses of exposed roots allowed quantification of recent channel incision of the main gully, and sheet erosion processes. Our results suggest that reforestation practices have influenced the initiation of an episode of incision in the main channel in the 1980s, through the hypothesized creation of disequilibrium in water-sediment balance following decoupling of hillslopes from channel processes. These findings imply an asymmetry in the geomorphic response of badlands to erosion such that in the early evolution stages, vegetation removal results in gullying, but that reforestation alone does not necessarily stabilize the landforms and may even promote renewed incision.
J. A. Ballesteros Cánovas; Markus Stoffel; J. F. Martín-Duque; C. Corona; Ana Lucía; Jose María Bodoque; D. R. Montgomery. Gully evolution and geomorphic adjustments of badlands to reforestation. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 45027 .
AMA StyleJ. A. Ballesteros Cánovas, Markus Stoffel, J. F. Martín-Duque, C. Corona, Ana Lucía, Jose María Bodoque, D. R. Montgomery. Gully evolution and geomorphic adjustments of badlands to reforestation. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7 (1):45027.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. A. Ballesteros Cánovas; Markus Stoffel; J. F. Martín-Duque; C. Corona; Ana Lucía; Jose María Bodoque; D. R. Montgomery. 2017. "Gully evolution and geomorphic adjustments of badlands to reforestation." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1: 45027.
Laser disdrometers measure the particle size distribution (PSD) of hydrometeors through a small cross-sectional (tens of square centimeters) surface. Such a limited area induces a sampling effect in the estimates of the PSD, which translates to error in the reflectivity–rain-rate (Z–R) relationship used for ground radar estimates of rainfall, estimates of kinetic energy of precipitation, and any other hydrometeorological application relying on particle size information. Here, the results of a dedicated experiment to estimate the extent of the effect of limited area sampling of rainfall are presented. Using 14 Parsivel, version 1 (Parsivel-1), disdrometers placed within 6 m2, it was found that the combined area of at least seven disdrometers is required for the estimates to start converging to a stable value. The results can be used to quantify the degree of over-/underestimation of precipitation parameters for a single instrument due to the limited collecting area effect. It has been found that a single disdrometer may underestimate instantaneous rain rate by 70%.
F. J. Tapiador; A. Navarro; R. Moreno; A. Jiménez-Alcázar; C. Marcos; A. Tokay; L. Durán; Jose María Bodoque; Raúl Martín Martín; W. Petersen; M. De Castro. On the Optimal Measuring Area for Pointwise Rainfall Estimation: A Dedicated Experiment with 14 Laser Disdrometers. Journal of Hydrometeorology 2017, 18, 753 -760.
AMA StyleF. J. Tapiador, A. Navarro, R. Moreno, A. Jiménez-Alcázar, C. Marcos, A. Tokay, L. Durán, Jose María Bodoque, Raúl Martín Martín, W. Petersen, M. De Castro. On the Optimal Measuring Area for Pointwise Rainfall Estimation: A Dedicated Experiment with 14 Laser Disdrometers. Journal of Hydrometeorology. 2017; 18 (3):753-760.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. J. Tapiador; A. Navarro; R. Moreno; A. Jiménez-Alcázar; C. Marcos; A. Tokay; L. Durán; Jose María Bodoque; Raúl Martín Martín; W. Petersen; M. De Castro. 2017. "On the Optimal Measuring Area for Pointwise Rainfall Estimation: A Dedicated Experiment with 14 Laser Disdrometers." Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, no. 3: 753-760.
For the purposes of weather nowcasting, flood risk monitoring and water resources assessment, it is often difficult to achieve a reliable spatio-temporal representation of rainfall due to a low rain gauge network density. However, quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) has acquired new prospects with the introduction of weather radars, thanks to their higher spatio-temporal resolution. Although a wide number of QPE algorithms are available for using C-band radar data, only a few studies have employed X-band radar. In this study the microscale rainfall variability in a small catchment is automatically measured using short-range X-band radar variograms and classifying precipitation into convective and stratiform types with a recently published index. The aim is to apply a straightforward geostatistical algorithm, named ordinary kriging of radar errors (OKRE), to integrate X-band radar and rain gauge measurements in a mountainous catchment (15 km2) in central Spain. As expected, convective events presented higher estimation errors due to their complex spatial and temporal variability. Despite this fact, errors are sufficiently small and results are reliable rainfall estimations. The two main contributions of this work are the adaptation of the OKRE method to small spatial scales and its application automatically differentiating between convective and stratiform events.
Carolina Guardiola-Albert; Carlos Rivero-Honegger; Robert Monjo; Andrés Díez-Herrero; Carlos Yagüe; Jose María Bodoque; Francisco J. Tapiador. Automated convective and stratiform precipitation estimation in a small mountainous catchment using X-band radar data in Central Spain. Journal of Hydroinformatics 2016, 19, 315 -330.
AMA StyleCarolina Guardiola-Albert, Carlos Rivero-Honegger, Robert Monjo, Andrés Díez-Herrero, Carlos Yagüe, Jose María Bodoque, Francisco J. Tapiador. Automated convective and stratiform precipitation estimation in a small mountainous catchment using X-band radar data in Central Spain. Journal of Hydroinformatics. 2016; 19 (2):315-330.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarolina Guardiola-Albert; Carlos Rivero-Honegger; Robert Monjo; Andrés Díez-Herrero; Carlos Yagüe; Jose María Bodoque; Francisco J. Tapiador. 2016. "Automated convective and stratiform precipitation estimation in a small mountainous catchment using X-band radar data in Central Spain." Journal of Hydroinformatics 19, no. 2: 315-330.
In urban areas prone to flash floods, characterization of social resilience is critical to guarantee the success of emergency management plans. In this study, we present the methodological approach that led to the submission and subsequent approval of the Civil Protection Plan of Navaluenga (Central Spain), in which the first phase was to analyse flood hazard by combining the Hydrological Modelling System (HEC-HMS) and the Iber 2D hydrodynamic model. We then analysed social vulnerability and designed measures to put into practice within the framework of the Civil Protection Plan. At a later phase, we assessed citizens’ flash-flood risk perception and level of awareness regarding some key variables of the Civil Protection Plan. To this end, 254 adults representing roughly 12% of the population census were interviewed. Responses were analysed descriptively, comparing awareness regarding preparedness and response actions with the corresponding information and behaviours previously defined in the Civil Protection Plan. In addition, we carried out a latent class cluster analysis aimed at identifying the different groups present among the interviewees. Our results showed that risk perception is low. Specifically, 60.8% of the interviewees showed low risk perception and low awareness (cluster 1); 24.4% had high risk perception and low awareness (cluster 2), while the remaining 14.8% presented high long-term risk perception and high awareness (cluster 3). These findings suggest the need for integrating these key variables of social risk perception and local tailored information in emergency management plans, especially in urban areas prone to flash-floods where response times are limited.
J.M. Bodoque; M. Amérigo; Andres Diez-Herrero; J.A. García; B. Cortés; J.A. Ballesteros-Cánovas; J. Olcina. Improvement of resilience of urban areas by integrating social perception in flash-flood risk management. Journal of Hydrology 2016, 541, 665 -676.
AMA StyleJ.M. Bodoque, M. Amérigo, Andres Diez-Herrero, J.A. García, B. Cortés, J.A. Ballesteros-Cánovas, J. Olcina. Improvement of resilience of urban areas by integrating social perception in flash-flood risk management. Journal of Hydrology. 2016; 541 ():665-676.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ.M. Bodoque; M. Amérigo; Andres Diez-Herrero; J.A. García; B. Cortés; J.A. Ballesteros-Cánovas; J. Olcina. 2016. "Improvement of resilience of urban areas by integrating social perception in flash-flood risk management." Journal of Hydrology 541, no. : 665-676.