This study examines the relationship between language use and psychological characteristics of the communicator. The aim of the study was to find models predicting the depressivity of the writer based on the computational linguistic markers of his/her written text. Respondents’ linguistic fingerprints were traced in four texts of different genres. Depressivity was measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The research sample (N = 172, 83 men, 89 women) was created by quota sampling an adult Czech population. Morphological variables of the texts showing differences (M-W test) between the non-depressive and depressive groups were incorporated into predictive models. Results: Across all participants, the data best fit predictive models of depressivity using morphological characteristics from the informal text “letter from holidays” (Nagelkerke r² = 0.526 for men and 0.670 for women). For men, models for the formal texts “cover letter” and “complaint” showed moderate fit with the data (r² = 0.479 and 0.435). The constructed models show weak to substantial recall (0.235 – 0.800) and moderate to substantial precision (0.571 – 0.889). Morphological variables appearing in the final models vary. There are no key morphological characteristics suitable for all models or for all genres. The resulting models’ properties demonstrate that they should be suitable for screening individuals at risk of depression and the most suitable genre is informal text (“letter from holidays”).

Objective: Of the many existing health models, models of health behavior are considered optimal for research and application as they focus on concrete forms of behavior that support, maintain, or undermine one’s health, and they accentuate the individual as the initiator of this behavior. Research in this area follows a broad range of concrete partial manifestations of health behavior. Is it necessary to differentiate between various types of health behavior or could these partial manifestations be combined under one common scale? Methods: Data acquisition tool: Health-Related Behavior Scale (HRBS, 42 items). Data processing methods: principal component analysis (the internal structure of HRBS), confirmatory factor analysis (the latent factor structure of four tested models). Sample: N=1,664 adult respondents. Results: The HRBS described ten areas of health-related behavior (ten extracted factors). All tested models of latent structure showed almost identical mathematical and statistical values of the model. Conclusion: Health-related behavior includes a set of partial behaviors (behavior related to nutrition, addictive substances, movement, and physical exercises). An unambiguous latent factor structure has not been revealed. An open question remains whether there is one latent factor behind all health-related behaviors or whether there are multiple latent factors. The use of one or the other model should be deduced from the underlying theory and research objectives. To find a reliable model of health behavior, it is necessary to include moderators and mediators such as personality, attitude, or economic status.

1. The article presents the outcome of a three-year research project. The project aimed to develop a new scale for assessing graphomotor and handwriting disabilities based on objective behavioural ...

In everyday social contact we commonly use terms like “normal” or “not normal” or “abnormal” to describe another person. What is actually meant by”normal person” that is a question to which we are trying to find the answer in our paper. We present a view of university students (department of teaching and special education, N = 99). The descriptors are obtained by Kelly REP test method

The purpose of this paper is to uncover some of the psychological context of information literacy. It focuses on the connection between cognitive dispositions (IQ) and information behavior of preliterate children. The results show that pre-school children are able to extract information on subjects which are interesting for them from all available sources – ranging from traditional media such as books or magazines, modern digital media (computer, DVD) to natural conditions in which children live (city, nature). Surprisingly, the radio is used very rarely. If we compare subjective replies supported by the method of graphic scaling, we can see that gifted preschoolers obtain statistically significantly smaller share of information from TV or computer. It is also true that gifted children gain information on subjects interesting for them from a wider range of various media sources, they do not stick only to one of them (they do not sit “only” in front of a TV or a computer)

The paper deal with the quality of the cooperation between families and school. The aim of the research was to find out how parents evaluate the cooperation between them and a school and how they see their children are prepared for the further studies. Method: non-standardized questionnaire, research sample: (N=176) the parents of children aged 10 to 15 years, parents age from 30 to 57. Partial results show that mothers feel to be more informed then fathers and mothers are more aware of the child's satisfaction in school. Furthermore, it has been proved that even older the child is, even worse evaluation the parents give to the level of its education. Parents of girls are significantly more persuaded that school prepares them better for further studies. The worse assessment children have, the lower parental satisfaction with the education is and these parents also think that their child is not properly prepared for future studies. Thereafter are commented in the paper expectations of parents and their requirements toward the school