In this study, the removal efficiency and mechanism of tetracycline by aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in SBR were investigated. The removal of tetracycline present in livestock and poultry wastewater and the effect on conventional pollutants, such chemical oxygen demand, and nitrogen and phosphorous removal performance have been assessed demonstrating that AGS was able to remove tetracycline by adsorption and biodegradation processes. The removal rate of tetracycline was more than 90%, and conventional pollutants were also efficiently removed. The high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to decipher the species succession and community structure of tetracycline-resistance granular sludge. The Chryseobacterium, Actinotignum, Lactococcus, Shinella and Clavibacter were gradually dominant and considered as the functional bacteria for the removal of tetracycline. The numbers of functional genes including amino acid, carbohydrate and inorganic ion transport and metabolism, as well as energy production and conversion, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis, were also increased. These functional genes played an important role in the biodegradation of tetracycline.