Mitogenomes have been widely used for exploring phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic diagnosis. In this study, the complete mitogenomes of five species of Filchnerella were sequenced, annotated and analyzed. Then, combined with other seven mitogenomes of Filchnerella and four of Pamphagidae, the phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed by maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) methods based on PCGs+rRNAs. The sizes of the five complete mitogenomes are Filchnerella sunanensis 15,656 bp, Filchnerella amplivertica 15,657 bp, Filchnerella nigritibia 15,661 bp, Filchnerella pamphagoides 15,661 bp and Filchnerella dingxiensis 15,666 bp. The nucleotide composition of mitogenomes is biased toward A+T. All tRNAs could be folded into the typical clover-leaf structure, except that tRNA Ser (AGN) lacked a dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. The phylogenetic relationships of Filchnerella species based on mitogenome data revealed a general pattern of wing evolution from long wing to increasingly shortened wing.

Caryanda is a group of morphologically diverse, non-flying locusts. In November 2024, we first discovered two unknown species of the genus in Nangonghe Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province. In this study, the effectiveness of these two new species was verified by integrating morphological, morphometric, and mitochondrial genomic methods. Finally, two new species, Caryanda gengmaensis Mao et Li sp. nov. and Caryanda analbomaculata Mao et Li sp. nov., were proposed and described in detail, and two similar species color plates were attached: C. cyanonota Mao & Li, 2015 and C. albomaculata Mao, Ren & Ou, 2007.

This study describes Qiongacris gen. nov., a new orthopteran genus endemic to Hainan Island, China. Phylogenetically, Qiongacris is closely related to Anasedulia and Gerenia but is distinguished by unique diagnostic characteristics in both tegmina and pronotum morphology. Furthermore, ecological niche demonstrated significant microhabitat differentiation between Qiongacris and these allied genera. These findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of Orthoptera biodiversity within tropical East Asia.

Grasshoppers are significant pests in agriculture, animal husbandry, and forestry. They are widely distributed and numerous species, with some taxa exhibiting considerable morphological variation, which poses substantial challenges for traditional taxonomic classification. DNA barcoding has become an essential tool for species identification, serving as an effective complement to morphological taxonomy. This study focuses on grasshoppers from the Bashang Grassland in Hebei Province, China. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences were used as DNA barcode sequences, which were obtained and analyzed using molecular biology techniques. In addition, homologous sequences of related species were retrieved from GenBank, resulting in a barcode dataset comprising 237 sequences from 42 species, 26 genera. Phylogenetic analysis barcoding gap assessment were performed, and multiple species delimitation methods—including ABGD, ASAP, GMYC, and mPTP—were applied for comprehensive evaluation. The results demonstrated that DNA barcoding can effectively delineate species-level taxonomic units for many grasshoppers, providing a powerful supplement to morphological taxonomy. However, the grasshopper taxa include both groups with high cryptic genetic diversity and closely related species that are difficult to distinguish using barcoding alone. Therefore, accurate identification of grasshopper species still requires integration with morphological approaches.

本文报道了中国4个新疆省级蝗虫新发现：长翅素木蝗Shirakiacris shirakii (Bolívar, 1914)、短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis Bolívar, 1905、短翅直背蝗Euthystira brachyptera (Ocskay, 1826)以及中华剑角蝗Acrida cinerea (Thunberg, 1815)，附有种类的标本照片、详细的形态学描述及生境图。