Purpose: This study aims to investigate the determinants of banking stability in the case of QISMUT + 3 countries (Qatar, Indonesia, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Pakistan, Kuwait and Bahrain). Both profitability of banks and non-performing loans were treated as dependent variables. Three variations are examined, the sample as a whole and separated to conventional banks (CBs) and Islamic banks (IBs). Design/methodology/approach: Data from 208 banks, both IBs and CBs, were used from 2011 to 2018, after global financial crisis period. Two-step system generalized methods of moments and both feasible least squares and panel-corrected standard error models were used to ensure test the data. Findings: Results suggest that both financial vulnerability and profitability affect each other in both banking systems. In addition, capital adequacy has a positive link with both dependent variables. Corruption varied and followed expectations but for the case of CBs alone with an unexpected negative relationship with profitability. Practical implications: The findings are expected to help bankers, investors, academics and policymakers gain a better understanding of Islamic banking. The findings would be useful in developing policy for the development of the banking industries in these countries. Originality/value: This study contributes to existing literature in three ways. First, this study investigates the factors influencing banking non-performing loans for a new class of countries – QISMUT + 3 within 2011–2018 period. Second, only a few studies use such a period, which is after the global financial crisis period. Finally, new indicators are used to determine the non-performing loans and profitability of both types of banks, such as Muslim Share and Share of IBs.

Purpose: The primary objective of this article is to empirically examine the impact of bank-specific and macroeconomic factors, particularly environmental, social, governance (ESG) and financial technolgy (fintech) factors, on the financial sustainability of Islamic banks (IBs) and conventional banks (CBs). Design/methodology/approach: Panel data are used on QISMUT plus three countries: Qatar, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Bahrain, Kuwait and Pakistan for the period from 2005 to 2022. A two-step system using the generalized method of moments (GMM) and panel-corrected standard error (PCSE) methods was employed. Findings: The findings reveal that CBs exhibit greater financial sustainability persistence, while IBs demonstrate superior management efficiency, liquidity and stability. This distinction is attributed to IB’s Shariah-compliant structures, which foster stability through profit-loss sharing accounts and equity-based risk-sharing mechanisms. The study also finds that IBs achieve financial resilience more rapidly as they grow, supported by higher capital adequacy and liquidity coefficients. Furthermore, ESG adherence plays a more significant role in IBs, reflecting their alignment with socially responsible initiatives. Practical implications: These findings have substantial implications for practitioners, policymakers, managers and academics, where they can capitalize on IB dominance by promoting and developing innovative Shariah-compliant financial products for both IBs and CBs. CBs should compete by providing Shariah-compliant financial products and opening Islamic Window-Financing. IBs’ risk management efficiency can help conventional bank managers incorporate equity financing and profit-loss sharing into their strategy. Originality/value: We believe this is the first empirical study of Islamic and conventional banks on the financial self-sufficiency (FSS) indicator proxied as financial sustainability.

This article's major goal is to pinpoint the variables that affect the capital structure and financial viability of the oil and gas sector in the regions that make up the Eurasian Economic Union. Data on oil and gas businesses in the Eurasian Union from 2012 to 2020 were gathered using the Orbis Database. All currently operating businesses with recent financial data were painstakingly obtained. 2,757 businesses with pertinent financial data in total were gathered. It includes a broad variety of oil and gas firms that have so far been the subject of inquiry. The results show that firm-specific factors are very important in determining the financial viability of oil and gas enterprises in the EUEA regions. For instance, both size and tax policy matter in driving the financial sustainability and leverage of companies. Furthermore, in contrast to CAPSTR, the oil price has had an enormous positive impact on the financial sustainability of oil and gas companies in EAEU regions. The results illustrate that ESG factors substantially affect financial sustainability in a negative way. The results show that oil and gas businesses use cutting-edge, environmentally friendly technologies in accordance with ESG Public Policy. Managers should continue to improve their strategies based on the growth of their businesses by utilizing new cutting-edge environmentally friendly technologies that will be suitable for stringent ESG Public Policy regulations. Overall results indicate that managers and practitioners should work on new strategies for expansion and penetration into the new markets in the EUEA regions.

In recent years, sustainable finance has emerged as a central concept at the convergence of finance and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This chapter synthesizes and systematically reviews the existing literature on blockchain technology and artificial intelligence in sustainable finance. The authors gathered the relevant studies from Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The authors applied co-occurrence mapping and thematic analysis with the help of VOS viewer and NVivo software. In this chapter, based on a systematic literature review of 509 studies, the findings revealed five thematic areas (i.e., ESG measurement and disclosure; tracking and trading of carbon footprint; renewable energy and circular economy; transparency, security, governance, and compliance; and social and ethical aspects) attracting research interest. The authors of this chapter also identified several challenges faced by sustainable finance in the contemporary business environment. The authors outlines, with a few remarks, general trends for the use of AI and BT in sustainable finance.