The expanding Electric vehicle (EV) market is fueled by the need for more efficient and dependable ways to recharge the battery. By eliminating the necessity for direct physical interaction between vehicles and charge equipment, the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) methodology eliminates the drawbacks and risks associated with the conventional conductive system. The innovative WPT technique replaces the conductive charging system to keep a similar power rating and efficiency. Numerous strategies have been created to improve the effectiveness and dependability of the WPT model. As a result, this review article thoroughly analyses current major research articles that describe WPT technologies for EV charging. The papers are classified based on various coupling types along with magnetic couplers and shielding, compensation, misalignment tolerance and control methods in WPT systems. In addition, the possible research gaps and the challenges associated with the existing works of WPT systems are discussed. The reviewed results are analyzed based on performance metrics and implementation tools attained using above classifications and EMF exposure references employed in the WPT system. The comparative effectiveness is presented in the tables, diagrams, as well as interconnections for ease of presentation and conceptual understanding. The core asset of this article lies in the fact that the findings offer a good "one-stop" resource including both aspects of the system and with regard to the power stage. This review article also emphasizes the potential and obstacles of inductive wireless EV battery chargers. A developer can find this study will contribute substantially to selecting an optimum design for the enhancement of the WPT system.

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a power transfer technique widely used in many industrial applications, medical applications, and electric vehicles (EVs). This paper deals with the dynamic modeling of the resonant inverter employed in the WPT systems for EVs. To this end, the Generalized State-Space Averaging and the Laplace Phasor Transform techniques have been the flagship methods employed so far. In this paper, the modeling of the resonant inverter is accomplished by using the novel Modulated Variable Laplace Transform (MVLT) method. Firstly, the MVLT technique is discussed in detail, and then it is applied to model a study-case resonant inverter. Finally, a study-case resonant inverter is developed and utilized to validate the theoretical results with MATLAB/Simulink.

The fusion of multidimensional intuitionistic fuzzy information plays an important part in decision making processes under an intuitionistic fuzzy environment. In this chapter, it is observed that existing intuitionistic fuzzy Einstein hybrid aggregation operators do not follow the idempotency and boundedness. This leads to sometimes illogical and even absurd results to the decision maker. Hence, some new intuitionistic fuzzy Einstein hybrid aggregation operators such as the new intuitionistic fuzzy Einstein hybrid weighted averaging (IFEHWA) and the new intuitionistic fuzzy Einstein hybrid weighted geometric (IFEHWG) were developed. The new IFEHWA and IFEHWG operators can weigh the arguments as well as their ordered positions the same as the intuitionistic fuzzy Einstein hybrid aggregation operators do. Further, it is validated that the defined operators are idempotent, bounded, monotonic and commutative. Then, based on the developed approach, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) procedure is given. Finally, a numerical example is conducted to demonstrate the proposed method effectively.

This paper presents the opinion of intuitionistic fuzzy parameterized fuzzy soft set (IFP-FS set) by considering the images of approximate function in the fuzzy subsets of the set of universe of discourse rather than to a crisp subset. Some of the desired operations and relations of IFP-FS set are also considered in this study. A decision making approach based on the proposed IFP-FS set is used. Finally, an example is conducted which illustrates that the proposed approach can be use for many real life problems that include ambiguities and uncertainties.

Energy storage plays a fundamental role in balancing the power fluctuations induced by the distributed generation of renewable energy sources. In this scenario, electric vehicles can strongly contribute to exchange power with the grid through their on-board batteries. When the vehicle is parked, the battery can be discharged, injecting active power into the grid, provided that its state of charge will be restored before vehicle utilization. This paper presents a comprehensive step-by-step design of a wireless charger for a Vehicle-to-Home application. The design procedure begins from the constraints disposed by the Italian reference technical rules for Low Voltage utilities and by the standard SAE J2954 for Wireless Power Transfer for electric vehicles. The selection of the output power of the battery is followed by the power sizing of each stage of the bidirectional wireless charger.

The advancements in the charging strategy of electric vehicles will have inevitable effects on the electrical grid in the coming future. Electric vehicle battery chargers are able to perform the bidirectional power transfer according to the vehicle-to-grid concept and will offer valuable services to the distribution grid or to the domestic grid of the vehicle owner. The wireless power transfer battery chargers offer the opportunity for a more safe and user-friendly approach to electric vehicles for people who are not confident with technological apparatuses. Bidirectional wireless power transfer chargers capable of vehicle to grid services are the natural evolution of the above-mentioned concepts. This paper faces the topic of developing the control algorithms for such a battery charger, focusing on the needs of the power conversion stages involved in the functioning of a charger enabled for vehicle to home operation. At first, the separation of the control algorithms into two levels is explained, and then the interaction between the algorithms of the internal and external level is introduced. It was decided to design controllers as simple as possible in implementing the control algorithms. This has made it possible to adopt techniques well known in the scientific community for their design and to contain the computational resources necessary for their implementation. Despite the simplicity of the controllers, the introduction and management of the interactions between the various algorithms has made it possible to develop an overall control strategy that at the same time respects the voltage and current limits set by the grid and the battery and also avoids exceeding the maximum operating conditions of the static converters that constitute the system. The algorithms and the relevant controllers are developed one by one in the continuous time domain, using techniques based on the analysis of Bode diagrams of the transfer functions involved in the operation of the system. In designing the controllers, the effects of their subsequent implementation in a discrete time domain are considered together with the effect of the transmission delay originated by the data exchange between the two sections of the system. The discretization of the controllers has been performed using the Tustin method. The performance of all algorithms has been separately verified in the discrete time domain using simulations developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment. Finally, the functioning of the complete control strategy has been successfully checked in the same environment.