In recent years, there has been an increase in demand for bioactive techniques in the food packaging industry. Although edible packaging is popular, it has yet to be effectively implemented into the market. Packaging made of plastics and chemicals is widely employed in the market today, posing a threat to the environment and living creatures. This research attempts to show current breakthroughs and progress in the field of biodegradable packaging. When compared to ancient packaging materials, bio-based packaging materials are safer. Sustainable biodegradable packaging materials can be made from edible films, coatings, and other bio food packaging techniques made from various biological resources. This paper discusses the important qualities and advantages of several bio-based packing materials. It is highlighted the advantages of bio-based packaging materials over synthetic packaging materials. It has been debated the importance of employing bio-based packaging to mitigate the environmental risks associated with traditional packaging technologies. Many researchers may be prompted by this study to focus on packaging reformulation options. Thus, we can attain food packing materials by considering customer's economic and sustainability aspects.

The major aspects of using plant-derived medications are significantly safer and secure than synthetic ones. The n-hexane seed extract of ayurvedic medicinal plants Myristica fragrans was also utilized as food ingredients have analyzed for phytochemical existence by Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Twenty-three phytoconstituents were identified with elemicin (24.44%) as the major constituent. Lipid peroxidase, catalase and DPPH assays were performed using the isolated elemicin and the results revealed significant antioxidant activity. The antibacterial study revealed that elemicin showed MIC of 31.25 μg/mL against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi, and 62.5 μg/mL against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. Elemicin exhibited better antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus flavus than Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and Trichophyton rubrum. The study implies that the elemicin isolated from Myristica fragrans possess promising bioactive properties and can be crucially utilized in the development of therapeutic agents and food preservatives.

Every year billions of tons of fish waste are produced by fish processing units. These wastes when dumped into the environment cause emissions which in turn degrade the land. An alternative solution for the problem involves their processing into biofuel, pharmacological components, fertilizer and fodder. Biofuel is a trending concept and an alternative for present day fuels. Biofuels are pollution free and thus are advantageous over current fuels. Biofuels are produced from organic waste, seaweed, and micro-algae. The current research on fish wastes for the production of biodiesel is mainly because of their nontoxic and biodegradable nature. Biodiesel produces less air toxins, CO₂, hydrocarbons and other particulates when compared to the standard fuel or diesel. The conversion process involves extraction of fish oil from the waste of the fishing industry. The oil is cleaned and purified. With the addition of a catalyst, biodiesel and bio-gas are produced by transesterification and anaerobic digestion respectively. Various results such as Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (FT-NMR), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) analysis, and best management practices (BMP) assay show the efficient conversion and working of biofuels.

Methane is a greenhouse gas which poses a great threat to life on earth as its emissions directly contribute to global warming and methane has a 28-fold higher warming potential over that of carbon dioxide. Ruminants have been identified as a major source of methane emission as a result of methanogenesis by their respective gut microbiomes. Various plants produce highly bioactive compounds which can be investigated to find a potential inhibitor of methyl-coenzyme M reductase (the target protein for methanogenesis). To speed up the process and to limit the use of laboratory resources, the present study uses an in-silico molecular docking approach to explore the anti-methanogenic properties of phytochemicals from Cymbopogon citratus, Origanum vulgare, Lavandula officinalis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Piper betle, Cuminum cyminum, Ocimum gratissimum, Salvia sclarea, Allium sativum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris. A total of 168 compounds from 11 plants were virtually screened. Finally, 25 scrutinized compounds were evaluated against methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) protein using the AutoDock 4.0 program. In conclusion, the study identified 21 out of 25 compounds against inhibition of the MCR protein. Particularly, five compounds: rosmarinic acid (−10.71 kcal/mol), biotin (−9.38 kcal/mol), α-cadinol (−8.16 kcal/mol), (3R,3aS,6R,6aR)-3-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-6-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-1-one (−12.21 kcal/mol), and 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5decyn4,7diol (−9.02 kcal/mol) showed higher binding energy towards the MCR protein. In turn, these compounds have potential utility as rumen methanogenic inhibitors in the proposed methane inhibitor program. Ultimately, molecular dynamics simulations of rosmarinic acid and (3R,3aS,6R,6aR)-3-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-6-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-1-one yielded the best possible interaction and stability with the active site of 5A8K protein for 20 ns.