We use remotely sensed ocean colour data to show that Rossby waves are associated with the westward migration of chlorophyll distribution patterns in the southeastern Arabian Sea (SEAS). During the winter monsoon (November–February), the high chlorophyll concentrations observed along the west coast of India and Sri Lanka drifts westwards along with the downwelling Rossby waves. The speed of these chlorophyll signatures is in rough agreement with the expected second baroclinic mode Rossby wave speed. Observations from Ocean Surface Currents Analyses Real-time (OSCAR) suggest that it is the geostrophic currents associated with the Rossby wave propagation that influences the surface chlorophyll concentrations in the SEAS. The westward migration of chlorophyll is weaker during the summer monsoon (June–September) when the upwelling Rossby wave is observed in the sea-level data.

The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) has provided some of the most in-depth analyses of the phenotypes of human tumors ever constructed. Today, the majority of proteomic data analysis is still performed using software housed on desktop computers which limits the number of sequence variants and post-translational modifications that can be considered. The original CPTAC studies limited the search for PTMs to only samples that were chemically enriched for those modified peptides. Similarly, the only sequence variants considered were those with strong evidence at the exon or transcript level. In this multi-institutional collaborative reanalysis, we utilized unbiased protein databases containing millions of human sequence variants in conjunction with hundreds of common post-translational modifications. Using these tools, we identified tens of thousands of high-confidence PTMs and sequence variants. We identified 4132 phosphorylated peptides in nonenriched samples, 93% of which were confirmed in the samples which were chemically enriched for phosphopeptides. In addition, our results also cover 90% of the high-confidence variants reported by the original proteogenomics study, without the need for sample specific next-generation sequencing. Finally, we report fivefold more somatic and germline variants that have an independent evidence at the peptide level, including mutations in ERRB2 and BCAS1. In this reanalysis of CPTAC proteomic data with cloud computing, we present an openly available and searchable web resource of the highest-coverage proteomic profiling of human tumors described to date.