The influence of rootstocks and training systems on yield efficiency of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) was studied in two Experiments. In the first Experiment, planted in Spring 1997, rootstocks of ‘Weiroot 72’,‘Weiroot 158’,‘Weiroot 13’, ‘Gisela 4’, ‘Gisela 5’, ‘Gisela 195/20’, ‘Edabriz’, ‘Piku 1’, ‘Maxma 14’ and ‘F12/1’ were grafted to the scion cultivar ‘Lapins’. The training system was the Vogel Spindle. The second Experiment started in Winter 2000/2001 at three locations. Rootstocks tested were: ‘Gisela 5’, ‘Weiroot 158’ and ‘Maxma 14’ with scion cultivars ‘Lapins’, ‘Nordwunder’, ‘Kordia’, and ‘Regina’ in eight scion-rootstock combinations. Trees were maintained in two training systems: Solaxe and Vogel Spindle. The results of 8 years of testing (1997-2004) in Experiment 1, and 4 years of testing (2001-2004) in Experiment 2 were: (1) yield efficiency and precocity were significantly influenced by rootstock; (2) a significant reduction of tree volume and a significant increase of yield efficiency were obtained with ‘Gisela 5’ compared to ‘F 12/1’ and ‘Maxma 14’; and (3) yield efficiency was not influenced by training system.