Purpose: To investigate the correlation between dry eye and myopia in Taiwanese school children. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled children aged 5– 14-years-old between January 2021 and April 2022. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and an activity questionnaire were used to assess the severity of dry eye and the children’s lifestyle. Dry eye was assessed using Schirmer’s I test, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, and the lid abnormality score. The correlation between dry eye and myopia was determined by linear regression analysis. Results: In total, 31 non-myopic (mean age, 9.03 years) and 34 myopic (mean age, 8.44 years) children were included in the final analysis. Children with myopia had a significantly higher mean OSDI than children without myopia (4.79 ± 6.90 versus 1.68 ± 3.46, P = 0.024). The prevalence of dry eye disease was higher in myopic children (11.7%) than non-myopic children (3.2%) without significant difference. There were no significant differences in the Schirmer test, TBUT, corneal fluorescein staining score, or lid abnormality score between groups. Multiple regression analyses showed the OSDI was significantly associated with more negative spherical power (regression coefficient [B] = − 0.74, 95% confidence interval = − 1.48 to − 0.01, P = 0.048) and presence of myopia (B = 3.44, 95% CI = 0.72 to 6.16, P = 0.014) after adjusting for age. Conclusion: Children with myopia have a higher OSDI and higher prevalence of dry eye than children without myopia. After adjusting for age, the OSDI was associated with more negative spherical power and the presence of myopia.

(1) To investigate the functional and anatomical outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with or without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); (2) In total, 65 patients with AMD with or without OSA who received three consecutive doses of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were enrolled. The primary outcomes—best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT)—were assessed at 1 and 3 months. Moreover, morphological changes observed through optical coherence tomography were analyzed; (3) In total, 15 of the 65 patients had OSA and were included in the OSA group; the remaining 50 patients were included in the non-OSA (control) group. At 1 and 3 months after treatment, BCVA and CMT had improved but did not differ significantly between the groups. More patients in the OSA group demonstrated subretinal fluid (SRF) resorption at 3 months after treatment than in the non-OSA group (p = 0.009). Changes in other imaging biomarkers, such as intraretinal cysts, retinal pigment epithelium detachment, hyperreflective dots, and ellipsoid zone disruptions, did not differ significantly between the groups; (4) Our results suggest that the BCVA and CMT outcomes 3 months after anti-VEGF treatment are similar between patients with and without OSA. Moreover, patients with OSA may exhibit superior SRF resorption. A large-scale prospective study is mandatory to evaluate the association between SRF resorption and visual outcomes in AMD patients with OSA.

Background: Chorioretinal fold (CFs) is a rare condition resulting from undulations in the choriocapillaris, Bruch's membrane, retinal pigment epithelium and occasionally neurosensory retina. It can be idiopathic or due to different etiologies. The use of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has increased the diagnosis of CFs and helped in differentiation from other etiologies. Recently, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) emerged as a non-invasive imaging technique allowing visualization of the individual layers of microvasculature of the retina and the choroid by comparing consecutive B-scans. We described a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland (PALG) causing hyperopic shift and CFs with the new OCT-A technology, getting deeper insight into vascular changes of this disease. Case presentation: A 40-year-old Asian man experienced progressive blurred vision in his right eye over 6 months. The patient’s initial axial lengths were 25.55 mm in the right eye and 28.13 mm in the left eye. Fundus examination in the right eye revealed oblique CFs as well as the SD-OCT displayed. Magnetic resonance imaging showed intraconal mass extended from superior temporal side of the right orbit. The patient then received tumor removal surgery through lateral orbitotomy and histopathology confirmed a pleomorphic adenoma of the orbit. The patient had regular follow-up for 1 year. His best corrected visual acuity markedly improved from 20/50 to 20/20 with nearly stationary AXL. We performed OCT-A at one year after the surgery, which showed early visualization of deep choroidal vessels. The scleral remodeling due to mass effect of retrobulbar tumor also caused displacement of the deep large choroidal vessels over the superior macular area even after tumor removal. Conclusions: We reported a rare case of PALG with hyperopic shift and CFs as initial presentation. Surgical removal of the tumor partially resolved the CFs and contributes to impressive visual acuity recovery. The use of OCT-A provided a deeper insight to vascular architecture changes resulting from scleral remodeling after long-term tumor compression.

(1) Background: To investigate the correlation between therapeutic outcome and morphologic changes for diabetic macular edema (DME) after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVIR). (2) Methods: This retrospective study included 228 eyes received IVIR for DME. Each participant was traced for two years after the initial IVIR, while the data of ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) image, and systemic diseases were collected. The study population was categorized into different subgroups according to the existence of OCT morphologic change and the initial OCT morphologic pattern, including diffuse retinal thickening (DRT), cystoid macular edema (CME), serous retinal detachment (SRD), and vitreomacular interface abnormalities (VMIAs). The primary outcomes were the baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) during a two-year study period. The distribution of OCT morphologic change and its relation to primary outcome were analyzed. (3) Results: Comparing the 42 eyes (18.4%) with OCT morphological changes to another 186 eyes (81.6%) without such alteration, the former showed a poorer baseline BCVA (0.84 ± 0.39 vs. 0.71 ± 0.36, p = 0.035), worse final BCVA (0.99 ± 0.44 vs. 0.67 ± 0.30, p = 0.001), and thicker final CMT (354.21 ± 89.02 vs. 305.33 ± 83.05, p = 0.001). Moreover, the VMIA developed in 14.9% of all DME patients presenting the most common morphologic change among DRT, CME, and SRD. Besides, the presence of stroke was independently correlated to the morphologic change (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.381, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.112–36.623, p = 0.038). (4) Conclusions: The change of OCT morphology in DME patients receiving IVIR was correlated to worse structural and visual outcome while the formation of VMIA most commonly occurred after initial treatment.

This case discussed a significant ocular side effect, bilateral keratitis, which could be induced by afatinib, an irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). We explored the disease progression of a 52-year-old, stage IV nasopharyngeal carcinoma male patient, who was under afatinib treatment and had experienced progressive bilateral eye dryness and tenderness on increasing afatinib from 40 mg every other day to 40 mg daily. Clinical examination noted bilateral visual acuity reduction, diffuse superficial punctate keratopathy in the right eye, and a central epithelial defect in the left eye. Seidel test results were negative for both eyes, with no corneal infiltration, lagophthalmos, anterior chamber cell precipitation, or retinal lesion. Symptoms subsequently resolved after reducing the frequency of afatinib used, along with intensive ocular hydration. In summary, this case highlighted afatinib’s potential link to bilateral keratitis, and early afatinib dose adjustment with supportive medication could significantly reverse the condition.

To report a rare and instructive case of intraocular inflammation following intravitreal Faricimab (Vabysmo) injection that progressed to anterior scleriti