ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ VS ЗАНЯТОСТЬ: ОПЫТ БАНКОВСКОГО СЕКТОРА

In the context of digital economy, as it tends to toughen the competition and present new opportunities and methods for business optimization, a growing number of industrial companies set up digital transformation projects. The main goal of the article is to review and systematize the potential benefits, costs and risks of digital transformation for companies from the point of informational approach. In addition, the study proves the significance of further research in the area of digital transformation of enterprises and presents the comparison of digital transformation costs with other investment costs. In order to meet the goals of research, the methods of scientific and applied literature review systematization, comparison and synthesis have been used. The authors have generalized the existing views on the benefits of digital projects implementation, identifying three common groups among them. Based on results of quantitative analysis of the research, the authors have noted the growing interest of scientific community, including in Russia, in digital transformation area. Furthermore, most common digitization costs of Russian companies (especially, industrial ones) have been highlighted, and the interrelation with investment costs has been stated. The authors have made a conclusion on the prevailing nature of infrastructural digital costs. Besides, the assumptions for the future increase in digital costs have been explained. In conclusion, the most common risks of digital transformation projects have been reviewed. Finally, the authors have underlined the importance of setting up efficient cost and risk management system for digital transformation projects in advance that proves the value of the research for both business and scientific circles.

InnoThe article examines the specifics of innovative activity of Russian drug manufacturers, which in the context of a COVID-19 pandemic become a matter of national security. The research is based on panel data: out of a total of 1,816 enterprises in the industry, a sample of 345 innovatively active enterprises is formed with a time series of data 20 years long. The sample is diversified by the scale of enterprise activity into 4 groups: micro enterprises, small, medium, and large enterprises. These types of enterprises are compared both in absolute terms — size of investments in intangible assets, age, and in relative ones — frequency of investments in innovations, coefficient of autonomy, profitability of sales and assets, share of intangible assets in revenue and assets. The analysis was supplemented by enterprises not included in the sample to identify the effectiveness of innovation in the industry. The result is the innovative profile of industrial enterprises in the context of the scale of their activities. The conclusion is drawn about the specifics of the domestic pharmaceutical industry innovation activity, which generally coincides with the established distribution of roles in the global pharmaceutical industry, when large enterprises are leaders in the innovations development and implementation. Russian large companies also tend to use micro enterprises to implement risky projects. The authors conclude that in Russia, the foundations have been formed for transition to a new model of pharmaceutical industry innovative development. This model is based on cooperation of small and large businesses.