Precipitation extrema over the Barents Sea and the neighbouring locations in Europe were analysed using data obtained from station observations and a highly detailed ERA5 re-analysis dataset. These data did not always spatially coincide (on average, coincidence was ~50%). Daily amounts of precipitation were typically higher in the observation data, although there may be a reverse picture. The analysis revealed that at several stations and in many of the ERA5 grids, the set of precipitation extremes exists as a mixture of two different subsets. The cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of the largest population in the context of both the re-analysis and observational data are well described by Pareto’s law. However, very rare cases exist in which the values deviate and exceed this base distribution value in regions possessing large values. These super-large anomalies do not obey the statistical law common to all other extremes. However, this does not mean that the extremes can be arbitrarily large. They do not exceed the marginal values that are typical for this type of climate and season. The analysis confirms that extreme precipitation in the western sector of the Arctic is caused by the penetration of moist air masses from the Atlantic in the circulation systems of intense cyclones. At certain times, mesoscale convective systems are embedded in atmospheric fronts and can significantly contribute to the formation of precipitation. Intensification of such cyclones corresponding to global warming should lead to a transformation of typical CDF, as modern outliers will become regular components of the Pareto law. This change in the statistics of extreme events reflects the nonstationarity of the climate state. The influence of polar lows on the formation of large daily precipitation amounts is not felt.

The paper describes the results of a microclimatic experiment to study the thermal structure of the city of Yakutsk applying an independent deployed network of TZONE thermal sensors. The entire city was covered with a measuring infrastructure consisting of 18 sensors for a two-month period in the second half of the summer 2024. The data obtained clearly indicate the formation of a summer temperature anomaly in Yakutsk, which can be classified as a “summer heat island”. Its intensity at night, which is a diagnostic sign of a heat island, reaches 2,5-3,6°С. The average heat island value for the entire summer period can be estimated at 1,3-1,6°С. There is also significant diversity in the daily variation of temperature inside the city and within the background zone, which is most likely due to different heating regime of the surface air. The principal cause is the differential arrival of direct solar radiation because the “background” areas are more open to the sun’s rays.