The use of research in public health policymaking is one of the prerequisites for successfully implemented health policies which have better population health as an outcome. This policy process is influenced by the actors involved under the policy umbrella, with inter-related contextual factors and specific structural and institutional circumstances. Our study investigates how policymakers’ research capacities influence the use of research in the health policy process and identify areas where capacity-building interventions give the most meaning and impact. Furthermore, we investigate policymakers’ research engagement and use this to inform public health policy in the public sector in Denmark. We collect and report data using Seeking, Engaging with, and Evaluation Research (SEER) methodology. Policymakers are reported to have research capacity, but it is questionable how those competences have actually been used in policymaking. Decision-makers were often not aware or did not know about the existing organizational tools and systems for research engagement and use and two third of respondents had not been part of any research activities or had any collaboration with researchers. Overall, research use in public health policymaking and evaluation was limited. As a conclusion, we propose that capacity-building interventions for increasing research use and collaboration in EIPM should be context-oriented, measurable, and sustainable in developing individual and organizational competences.

Ensuring health policies are informed by evidence still remains a challenge despite efforts devoted to this aim. Several tools and approaches aimed at fostering evidence-informed policy-making (EIPM) have been developed, yet there is a lack of availability of indicators specifically devoted to assess and support EIPM. The present study aims to overcome this by building a set of measurable indicators for EIPM intended to infer if and to what extent health-related policies are, or are expected to be, evidence-informed for the purposes of policy planning as well as formative and summative evaluations. The indicators for EIPM were developed and validated at international level by means of a two-round internet-based Delphi study conducted within the European project ‘REsearch into POlicy to enhance Physical Activity’ (REPOPA). A total of 82 researchers and policy-makers from the six European countries (Denmark, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Romania, the United Kingdom) involved in the project and international organisations were asked to evaluate the relevance and feasibility of an initial set of 23 indicators developed by REPOPA researchers on the basis of literature and knowledge gathered from the previous phases of the project, and to propose new indicators. The first Delphi round led to the validation of 14 initial indicators and to the development of 8 additional indicators based on panellists’ suggestions; the second round led to the validation of a further 11 indicators, including 6 proposed by panellists, and to the rejection of 6 indicators. A total of 25 indicators were validated, covering EIPM issues related to human resources, documentation, participation and monitoring, and stressing different levels of knowledge exchange and involvement of researchers and other stakeholders in policy development and evaluation. The study overcame the lack of availability of indicators to assess if and to what extent policies are realised in an evidence-informed manner thanks to the active contribution of researchers and policy-makers. These indicators are intended to become a shared resource usable by policy-makers, researchers and other stakeholders, with a crucial impact on fostering the development of policies informed by evidence.

The present study aims to test out contextually tailored interventions to increase evidence-informed health-enhancing physical activity policy-making in two Danish municipalities. The study was performed as experiments in natural settings. Based on results from a pre-intervention study defining the needs and contexts of the two settings, the interventions were developed based on logical models. The interventions aimed at increasing the use of knowledge in policy-making, primarily via strengthening intersectoral collaboration. The interventions were evaluated via pre-, post- and 12-month follow-up questionnaires and qualitative interviews were carried out prior to the intervention start. The use of knowledge changed in several ways. In one municipality, the use of stakeholder and target group knowledge increased whereas, in the other municipality, the use of research knowledge increased. In both municipalities, the ability to translate knowledge to local context, the political request and the organisational procedures for use of knowledge increased during the interventions. There was some variation between the two settings, which shows the importance of tailoring to context. Most of the changes were diminished at the 12-month follow-up. Contextually tailored interventions have the potential to increase evidence-informed policy-making on health-enhancing physical activity. However, this finding needs to be tested in larger samples and its sustainability must be strengthened.

Traditionally, in biomedical animal research, laboratory rodents are individually examined in test apparatuses outside their home cages at selected time points. However, the outcome of such tests can be influenced by the novel environment, the time of day, separation from the social group, or the presence of an experimenter. Moreover, valuable information may be missed when the animals are only monitored in short periods. These issues can be overcome by longitudinal monitoring mice and rats in their home cages. To shed light on the development of home cage monitoring (HCM) and the current state of the art, a systematic review was carried out on 521 publications retrieved through PubMed and Web of Science. Both the absolute (∼ ×26) and relative (∼ ×7) number of HCM-related publications increased from 1974 to 2020. In both mice and rats, there was a clear bias towards males and individually housed animals, but during the past decade (2011–2020), an increasing number of studies used both sexes and group housing. More than 70 % of the studies did not involve a disease model, but the percentage of studies using disease models increased since the 2000s. In most studies, animals were kept for short (up to 4 weeks) length periods in the HCM systems; intermediate length periods (4–12 weeks) increased in frequency in the years between 2011 and 2020. Before the 2000s, HCM techniques were predominantly applied for less than 12 hours, while 24-hour measurements have been more frequently since the 2000s. The systematic review demonstrated that manual monitoring is decreasing but still relevant. Until (and including) the 1990s, most techniques were applied manually but have been progressively replaced by automation since the 2000s. Independent of the publication year, the main behavioral parameters measured were locomotor activity, feeding, and social behaviors; the main physiological parameters were heart rate and electrocardiography. External appearance-related parameters were rarely examined in the home cages. Due to technological progress and application of artificial intelligence, more refined and detailed behavioral parameters could be investigated in the home cage in recent times. Over the period covered in this study, techniques for HCM of mice and rats has improved considerably. This development is ongoing and further progress and validation of HCM systems will extend the applications to allow for continuous, longitudinal, non-invasive monitoring of an increasing range of parameters in group-housed small rodents in their home cages.

The growing burden of chronic neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), particularly Parkinson’s disease (PD), prompts the need for effective preventive strategies and treatments. Dietary (poly)phenols have emerged for their neuroprotective potential. This study investigated a (poly)phenol-enriched diet, comprising a berry mixture, to counteract key PD hallmarks in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated mice and elucidate the phenolic metabolic fingerprint underlying these effects. The berry-enriched diet prevented motor deficits in the MPTP mice model, preserved dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, reduced glial activation and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines. Notably, berries also attenuated macrophage infiltration observed in the substantia nigra 7 days post-MPTP. Metabolomic analysis revealed distinct phenolic signatures in plasma and brain tissue between standard- and berry-fed mice. Overall, this pioneering study provides compelling evidence that a (poly)phenol-enriched diet may play a protective role in neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting its potential for future strategies to prevent or slow PD progression.

Background: Evidence-informed policymaking in public health, understood as interaction of the best available research evidence and “other types of evidence”, is known to have sound influence on population well-being. However, lack of using and producing research evidence by public health policymakers has been well documented. The aim of this study was to assess policymakers’ research involvement in the research process as well as motivators and barriers for the use and production of research evidence. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was carried out in the period of Dec 2018 - Jan 2019 using a pre-tested, self-administrated questionnaire. Participants were Danish policymakers’ members of the Danish Society of Public Health (DSPH) and with practical experience being involved in a health policy-making process. The questionnaire was distributed through the DSPH members email list. Reported outcome variables; for this abstract are parts of the larger study: health policymakers’ research involvement in the last 12Mo; policymakers’ motivators and barriers to use and produce research in policy-making. Results: Response rate: 100/480 (15%). 78% were involved in critical evaluation of research for policy-making; 77% were able to identify relevant research literature; 41% did not use research evidence; 40% did not conduct any surveys; 57% did not write research reports; 65% never used reference systems; 46% did not analyze any research data. The three motivators reported to use and produce research in the last 12Mo were: identification of the problem that needs to be addressed; development of research skills; and job satisfaction. The three main barriers were: other job-related priorities; lack of time for research; lack of research funding. Conclusions: This study reinforced that public health policymakers need more practical knowledge and skills as well as organizational support and management to use and produce research evidence for evidence-informed policy-making. Key messages: Successful evidence-informed policymaking requires capacity-building interventions targeting policymakers, supported, implemented and evaluated by their organizations. Policymakers do not dismiss evidence-informed policy practice, but their “positions” and conditions at a work place sometimes do not allow them to fully follow it.