Bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) is one of the key factors leading to the anomalous accumulation of hydrogen sulphide in coal mines. Environmental factors such as temperature and pH play a crucial role in the metabolism and degradation of coal by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In this study, coal samples were selected from Shengli Coal Mine, and SRB strains were isolated and purified from mine water using a dilution spread-plate anaerobic cultivation method. Based on single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM), the impact of temperature, pH, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), chemical oxygen demand to sulfate ratio (COD/SO₄²⁻) on the generation of hydrogen sulphide during brown coal BSR was analyzed. The results showed that the anaerobic degradation of coal by SRB was inhibited by either too high or too low a temperature to produce hydrogen sulfide, and the greatest production of hydrogen sulfide occurred at a temperature of about 30 °C; The greatest production of hydrogen sulfide occurred at an initial ambient pH of 7.5; COD/SO₄²⁻ ratio of around 2.0 is most conducive to hydrogen sulphide generation; the lower ORP value is more favorable for hydrogen sulfide generation. The optimal conditions obtained by RSM were: temperature of 30.37 °C, pH of 7.64 and COD/SO₄²⁻ of 1.96. Under these conditions, the hydrogen sulfide concentration was 56.79 mg/L, the pH value was 8.40, the ORP value was −274 mV, and the SO₄²⁻ utilization rate was 58.04%. The RSM results showed that temperature, ambient pH and COD/SO₄²⁻ had a significant effect on hydrogen sulfide production, and the degree of effect was: ambient pH > temperature > COD/SO₄²⁻.

Sudden emission and casualty accidents caused by abnormal enrichment of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in coal mines are becoming frequent increasingly, causing major casualties and environmental pollution. Scholars in various countries have developed various measuring devices for hydrogen sulfide content in coal and rock formations and their calculation methods. The existing prevention and control technologies of H₂S in coal mines were summarized in various countries. According to the distribution characteristics, occurrence modes, and emission forms of H₂S in coal mines, the prevention and control technologies of H₂S in coal-bearing strata, airflow in tunnel, and underground water body are mainly introduced. Analyzed the effects of different ventilation systems on prevention and control of H₂S, which include conventional ventilation system, partial homotropal ventilation system, and full homotropal ventilation system. The methods used mainly include neutralization by injecting alkalizer through drilling in coal seams with high pressure, spraying alkalizer in tunnel, attenuation by increasing wind amount, changing the ventilation method, pumping, dredging, and blocking the water that contains H₂S as well as comprehensive prevention and control method. The basic agents adopted mainly include sodium carbonate (the mass percentage concentration is about 0.5% ~ 3.0%) and sodium bicarbonate solution, and some basic solution is added by an additive, such as surfactant, Fenton reagent, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium hypochlorite, or chloramine-T. The treatment effect and the main problems of each prevention and control technology are analyzed, and a comprehensive method of prevention and control techniques of H₂S in coal mines is proposed. According to current technological level as well as the cost, the effective prevention and control techniques of H₂S should take the occurrence, distribution, and emission forms of H₂S in coal mines as well as the content into consideration.

The salinity, chemical properties, and migration characteristics of groundwater in coal measures are the key factors that affect the generation, migration, and reservoir of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in low-rank coal seams. Taking the Jurassic coal and rock strata in the southeastern margin of the Junggar basin as the research object, according to the hydrogeological characteristics of the coal measures, the region is divided into 4 hydrogeological units. The coalbed methane contains a large number of secondary biogas. Along the direction of groundwater runoff, the salinity and the pH value increase gradually. The salinity in the hydrogeological units is low; it is not conducive to the propagation of sulfate-reducing bacteria and the formation of hydrogen sulfide of the Houxia, the south of Manasi River, and Hutubi and Liuhuangou area, the western region of the Miquan. The high salinity center and depressions of low water level (hydrodynamic stagnation zone) in the hydrogeological unit of the Liuhuanggou and the Miquan are the main areas for the production and enrichment of H₂S in the low-rank coal. The high salinity in water is formed by infiltration, runoff, and drought evaporation. At the same time, the deep confined water environment closed well; in conditions of hydrocarbon-rich, under the action of sulfate-reducing bacteria, bacterial sulfate reduction will occur and hydrogen sulfide formed. According to the circulation characteristics of water bearing H₂S in the region, imbricate and single bevel two kind generation and enrichment mode of hydrogen sulfide under the action of hydrodynamic control. The solubility of hydrogen sulfide in pure water and solutions of NaCl and Na₂SO₄ with different molar concentrations was calculated. The H₂S solubility of groundwater in coal measures of 4 hydrogeological units was estimated.