Background/aim: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widespread neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood and has negative consequences throughout adult life. The etiology and pathogenesis of ADHD are still unclear. Tau protein is a soluble microtubule-related protein expressed by neurons and localized in the cytoplasm as well as axons. Tau protein provides stability of microtubule in two ways: phosphorylation and isoforms. The excessive phosphorylation of Tau separates the protein from the microtubule, thus making it unstable. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between serum Tau protein and phospho Tau (p-Tau181) levels and ADHD occurrence. Materials and methods: This study included 26 male children aged 7-12 years with newly diagnosed ADHD, who had previously not used any medication for ADHD, and 26 male healthy children. Serum Tau and p-Tau181 concentrations were performed by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In patients, the Tau levels were not significantly different from those of the controls; the p-Tau181 levels were significantly higher than those of the controls. Conclusion: We concluded that high p-Tau181 might be associated with the progression of ADHD and cognitive changes in ADHD.

Macrolipasemia secondary to colon cancer chemotherapy: a case report

Healthcare-associated infections are frequently encountered in intensive care units (ICUs), with more than 30% of all ICU admissions having an infection. For decades, antibiotics have provided an effective treatment for infectious diseases. Since most antibiotic resistance is caused by misuse or abuse of antibiotics, one of the strategies that could

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is expressed by tumors with a high mitotic index such as hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors, therefore it is used as a tumor biomarker. Interestingly, although there is no underlying cause, elevated AFP has been reported in some genetically predisposed individuals. This is a very rare and benign condition called “hereditary persistence of AFP (HPAFP)” and an inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. To our knowledge, only 28 families have been reported to date. Some of the reported cases received inappropriate treatments such as chemotherapy and surgery. The possibility of HPAFP should be kept in mind in patients with high AFP in the absence of radiological evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma or germ cell tumor to avoid harmful procedures. It can be easily confirmed by analyzing AFP levels in other family members. We report a case of HPAFP with surprisingly higher AFP levels than previously reported cases and this is the first case reported from Turkey.

Objectives: The variability between methods is seen in the existence of hemoglobin (Hb), triglyceride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose in the specimens, which can affect the measurement. Therefore, this study aimed to compare boronate affinity chromatography and turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay methods for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA _1c ) levels in samples containing different levels of Hb, TG, BUN and glucose. Methods: In this study, a total of 412 consecutive samples were used for method comparison. The samples were divided into groups according to HbA _1c , TG, BUN, Hb, and glucose levels. Clinically significant changes for HbA _1c are defined as ≥0.5%. Results: The mean relative difference as % was determined as 1.4% by the Bland–Altman plot of Trinity against Roche. The Passing–Bablok analysis indicated good agreement (r=0.985) between two methods. When compared the group with and without a clinically significant difference, we found differences only between glucose levels (p=0.003). Conclusions: High glucose levels may cause a difference between the methods. Therefore, we suggest that a method’s performance and properties should be considered prior to clinical usage.