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The pressing concerns of environmental sustainability and growing needs of clean energy have raised the demands of carbon and organic based energy storage materials to a higher level. Redox-active organic-carbon composites electrodes are emerging to be enablers for high-performance, high power and long-lasting energy storage solutions, especially for electrochemical capacitors (EC). This review discusses the electrochemical redox active organic compounds and their composites with various carbonaceous materials focusing on capacitive performance. Starting with the most common conducting polymers, we expand the scope to other emerging redox active molecules, compounds and polymers as well as common carbonaceous substrates in composite electrodes, including graphene, carbon nanotube and activated carbon. We then discuss the first-principles computational studies pertaining to the interactions between the components in the composites. The fabrication methodologies for the composites with thin organic coatings are presented with their merits and shortcomings. The capacitive performances and features of the redox active organic-carbon composite electrodes are then summarized. Finally, we offer some perspectives and future directions to achieve a fundamental understanding and to better design organic-carbon composite electrodes for ECs.
Jeanne N’Diaye; Raunaq Bagchi; Jane Howe; Keryn Lian. Redox Active Organic-Carbon Composites for Capacitive Electrodes: A Review. Sustainable Chemistry 2021, 2, 407 -440.
AMA StyleJeanne N’Diaye, Raunaq Bagchi, Jane Howe, Keryn Lian. Redox Active Organic-Carbon Composites for Capacitive Electrodes: A Review. Sustainable Chemistry. 2021; 2 (3):407-440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeanne N’Diaye; Raunaq Bagchi; Jane Howe; Keryn Lian. 2021. "Redox Active Organic-Carbon Composites for Capacitive Electrodes: A Review." Sustainable Chemistry 2, no. 3: 407-440.
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to an aqueous-based Na2SO4-polyacrylamide (PAM) electrolyte to improve its low temperature performance. The addition of DMSO significantly enhanced the ionic conductivity of Na2SO4-PAM binary electrolyte at sub-zero temperatures, while virtually maintained their excellent properties at and above ambient temperature. The improvement in low temperatures was correlated to the lower melting point and smaller crystal hydrates at freezing point. Solid capacitor cells using carbon nanotube electrodes with the ternary Na2SO4-PAM-DMSO electrolytes were assembled and compared against the binary Na2SO4-PAM baseline. Under ambient conditions, both cells showed similarly wide 1.8 V window and excellent rate capability. While the cells with binary electrolytes showed pure resistive behaviour at -20 °C, those with ternary electrolytes showed significant improvement in their capacitive voltammogram profile and impedance spectra. The results showed that DMSO can be effective in widening the operating temperature of neutral pH polymer electrolytes and their enabled solid capacitive devices.
Alvin Virya; Raunaq Bagchi; Keryn Lian. Dimethyl sulfoxide additive to Na2SO4-based polymer electrolytes for low temperature capacitive devices. Electrochimica Acta 2021, 376, 137984 .
AMA StyleAlvin Virya, Raunaq Bagchi, Keryn Lian. Dimethyl sulfoxide additive to Na2SO4-based polymer electrolytes for low temperature capacitive devices. Electrochimica Acta. 2021; 376 ():137984.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlvin Virya; Raunaq Bagchi; Keryn Lian. 2021. "Dimethyl sulfoxide additive to Na2SO4-based polymer electrolytes for low temperature capacitive devices." Electrochimica Acta 376, no. : 137984.