Ultraviolet (UV) sensors offer significant advantages in human health protection and environmental pollution monitoring. Amongst various materials for UV sensors, the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure is considered as one of the most promising candidates due to its incredible electrical, optical, biomedical, energetic and preparing properties. Compared to other fabricating techniques, hydrothermal synthesis has been proven to show special advantages such as economic cost, low-temperature process and excellent and high-yield production. Here, we summarize the latest progress in research about the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanostructures for UV sensing. We particularly focus on the selective hydrothermal processes and reveal the effect of key factors/parameters on ZnO architectures, such as the laser power source, temperature, growth time, precursor, seeding solution and bases. Furthermore, ZnO hydrothermal nanostructures for UV applications as well as their mechanisms are also summarized. This review will therefore enlighten future ideas of low-temperature and low-cost ZnO-based UV sensors.

This study investigates the mechanisms of jittering in telescopic cylinders and proposes effective mitigation strategies. The focus is on the dynamic behavior of hydraulic cylinders under low-speed conditions, particularly the stick-slip phenomenon. Through finite element analysis using abaqus and tribological tests, the impact of various factors on the friction and wear properties of cylinder components is examined. Findings reveal that optimizing the average friction coefficient, stick-slip amplitude, and stick-slip time can significantly reduce jitter and creep in hydraulic cylinders. The results provide valuable insights for improving the performance and longevity of hydraulic systems in engineering machinery.