The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is growing, affecting human life and aiming to solve problems in the real world, i.e., in education, healthcare, smart homes, intelligent transportation, and other areas. However, it is a fact that the development of IoT systems is complicated compared to that of traditional software systems, especially in relation to requirements engineering (RE). The RE of IoT systems is not implemented frequently due to their broad aspects, such as the variety of user needs, making these systems difficult to construct. In this sense, the use of loT-based systems has not been well explored by the research community in order to provide well-planned proposals to improve the quality of their performance. In this work, we present a comprehensive and inclusive review of the RE of loT-based systems. To accomplish this, a systematic mapping study (SMS) is presented to evaluate the use of parameters based on the existing literature. SMS is a methodology used for research in the medical field and has recently been implemented in software engineering (SE) to sort and organize research publications to gain knowledge on progress and identify research gaps. In this article, we aim to classify the existing research publications in the current scientific literature regarding RE proposals for IoT software systems and review their implications for future research. This will make it possible to establish lines of research in order to improve the quality of the development of future IoT systems.

Tourism management in coastal destinations is vital to guide activity towards sustainable practices that ensure lower social and environmental impacts with greater benefits for the local community and experiences for tourists, especially in mature destinations where the main product is the beach. The aim of this research is to calculate the Tourist Carrying Capacity (TCC) of a stretch of beach in Mazatlán, Mexico, under past, present, and future scenarios, under different intensities of use. The main findings indicate that by 2025 the Effective Carrying Capacity (ECC) is 19,644, 29,822, and 4911 users with intensive, medium, and low occupancy levels, respectively. A decrease of −30.63% was found between the Effective Carrying Capacity of the 2025 scenario with respect to 2005 and a decrease of −68.90% is predicted for the year 2050 with respect to the current one, indicating an accelerated trend in the decrease of physical space and, therefore, greater pressure on the coastal ecosystem in case the trend of tourists goes upward, without being sustainably managed. These results are useful for agencies involved in beach and tourism management in mature coastal destinations.

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced significant challenges in requirements engineering (RE) due to the complexity of heterogeneous devices and dynamic user needs. Traditional RE methodologies often result in inefficient resource utilization and poor system performance. This research presents the goal-oriented requirements analysis (GORA) methodology, which optimizes requirement specification, resource allocation, and sustainability in IoT development. GORA addresses both functional and non-functional requirements, such as energy efficiency and security, while minimizing computational overhead and reducing resource wastage. The methodology integrates goal-oriented requirements analysis language i* and model-driven development (MDD) through a three-stage transformation process involving the i* RA model, UML class diagrams, and Python source code generation. A case study demonstrates how GORA improves system reliability, performance, and sustainability. Furthermore, an empirical evaluation was conducted in a simulated IoT environment, measuring key metrics such as energy consumption, latency, and code-generation error rate. A comparative analysis with existing RE and MDD approaches is also presented to highlight GORA’s advantages in feature coverage, sustainability support, and automation level. This work underscores the need for structured IoT RE frameworks and positions GORA as a foundation for future research in sustainable IoT development.

Generative Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a transformative force across multiple domains of computer science, including Web Engineering. By leveraging models such as Generative Pretrained Transformers, Diffusion Models, and Large Language Models, developers can now automate, augment, and innovate traditional processes involved in the design, development, and maintenance of web systems. This chapter explores the integration of generative AI in Web Engineering, with a focus on current applications, architectural enhancements, tooling implications, ethical concerns, and emerging research directions. It critically analyzes how generative AI reshapes paradigms within the field and offers a roadmap for its responsible and effective use in the web ecosystem.

This chapter explores the practical application of Design Thinking in the conceptualization and development of a mobile application tailored to address a real-world case study. By leveraging the iterative and user-centric principles of Design Thinking, the study demonstrates how empathy-driven methodologies can bridge the gap between user needs and technological solutions. The chapter details the step-by-step process, from problem definition and ideation to prototyping and testing, illustrating how each phase contributes to creating a meaningful and functional mobile app. A case study approach is employed to ground the theoretical framework in practical outcomes, showcasing how collaboration, innovation, and adaptability are integrated into the design process. The approach detailed in this chapter contributes to the growing body of knowledge on design methodologies and their transformative impact on technology-driven solutions.

The integration of Legal Design Thinking into software engineering represents a transformative shift in the development of legal technology. By applying user-centered design principles, this approach enhances legal accessibility, operational efficiency, and client satisfaction. This chapter systematically reviews the core tenets of Legal Design Thinking, including empathy, ideation, prototyping, and testing, and examines its role in improving legal services through software applications. Additionally, this work explores the challenges of integrating Legal Design Thinking into software development, particularly concerning technical constraints, ethical considerations, and regulatory compliance. Future opportunities, such as advancements in AI, automation, and interdisciplinary collaboration, are discussed as potential pathways for further innovation in the legal sector. This chapter aims to provide valuable insights for legal practitioners, software engineers, and policymakers in the evolving landscape of legal technology and user-centered innovation.