In recent years, remote sensing target recognition algorithms based on deep learning technology have gradually become mainstream in the field of remote sensing because of the great improvements that have been made in the accuracy of image target recognition through the use of deep learning. In the research of remote sensing image target recognition based on deep learning, an insufficient number of research samples is often an encountered issue; too small a number of research samples will cause the phenomenon of an overfitting of the model. To solve this problem, data augmentation techniques have also been developed along with the popularity of deep learning, and many methods have been proposed. However, to date, there is no literature aimed at expounding and summarizing the current state of the research applied to data augmentation for remote sensing object recognition, which is the purpose of this article. First, based on the essential principles of data augmentation methods, the existing methods are divided into two categories: data-based data augmentation methods and network-based data augmentation methods. Second, this paper subdivides and compares each method category to show the advantages, disadvantages, and characteristics of each method. Finally, this paper discusses the limitations of the existing methods and points out future research directions for data augmentation methods.

With the development and improvement of modern surveying and remote-sensing technology, data in the fields of surveying and remote sensing have grown rapidly. Due to the characteristics of large-scale, heterogeneous and diverse surveys and the loose organization of surveying and remote-sensing data, effectively obtaining information and knowledge from data can be difficult. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of using ontology for heterogeneous data integration. Based on the heterogeneous, decentralized, and dynamic updates of large surveying and remote-sensing data, this paper constructs a knowledge graph for surveying and remote-sensing applications. First, data are extracted. Second, using the ontology editing tool Protégé, a knowledge graph mode level is constructed. Then, using a relational database, data are stored, and a D2RQ tool maps the data from the mode level’s ontology to the data layer. Then, using the D2RQ tool, a SPARQL protocol and resource description framework query language (SPARQL) endpoint service is used to describe functions such as query and reasoning of the knowledge graph. The graph database is then used to display the knowledge graph. Finally, the knowledge graph is used to describe the correlation between the fields of surveying and remote sensing.

The construction of transport facilities plays a pivotal role in enhancing people’s living standards, stimulating economic growth, maintaining social stability and bolstering national security. During the construction of transport facilities, it is essential to identify the distinctive features of a construction area to anticipate the construction process and evaluate the potential risks associated with the project. This paper presents a multi-objective semantic segmentation algorithm based on an improved U-Net network, which can improve the recognition efficiency of various types of features in the construction zone of transportation facilities. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: A multi-class target sample dataset based on UAV remote sensing and construction areas is established. A new virtual data augmentation method based on semantic segmentation of transport facility construction areas is proposed. A semantic segmentation model for the construction regions based on data augmentation and transfer learning is developed and future research directions are given. The results of the study show that the validity of the virtual data augmentation approach has been verified; the semantic segmentation of the transport facility model can semantically segment a wide range of target features. The highest semantic segmentation accuracy of the feature type was 97.56%.

The north and south poles of the earth (hereinafter referred to as the polar regions) are important components of the earth system. Changes in the material balance and movement of the polar ice shelf reflect the influence of the polar regions on global climate change and are also a response to global climate change. Through a comprehensive investigation of ice-shelf kinematics, with sufficient accuracy, it is possible to obtain ice-shelf elevation, movement-state data, ice-shelf material balance state, and the ice-shelf movement dynamics mechanism. Due to the extremely harsh environment in polar regions, remote sensing is currently widely used. Manual and equipment monitoring methods show insufficient accuracy or discontinuous time series. There is an urgent need to obtain continuous real-time ice-shelf kinematics-related parameters on the ground to verify the reliability of the parameters obtained by satellite remote sensing. These parameters should be combined with remote sensing monitoring to provide data support. In this paper, a monitoring system for the movement of polar ice and shelf ice cover is developed, and it is proposed that various data can be acquired by integrating high-precision GPS (global positioning system) and other sensors. Solutions to the problem of low-temperature power supply in the polar regions, data acquisition and storage strategies, and remote communication methods are proposed. Testing and remote sensing validation verified that the developed acquisition system can fulfill the requirements for monitoring the movement of the polar unmanned ice shelves and ice sheets.