The vibration analysis, based on the Donnell thin shell theory, of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been investigated. The wave propagation approach in standard eigenvalue form has been employed in order to derive the characteristic frequency equation describing the natural frequencies of vibration in SWCNTs. The complex exponential functions, with the axial modal numbers that depend on the boundary conditions stated at edges of a carbon nanotube, have been used to compute the axial modal dependence. In our new investigations, the vibration frequency spectra are obtained and calculated for various physical parameters like length-to-diameter ratios for armchair and zigzag SWCNTs for different modes and in-plane rigidity and mass density per unit lateral area for armchair and zigzag SWCNTs on the vibration frequencies. The computer software MATLAB is used in order to compute these frequencies of the SWCNTs. The results obtained from wave propagation method are found to be in satisfactory agreement with that obtained through the previously known numerical molecular dynamics simulations.

In this paper, influence of boundary conditions on free vibrations of single- walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is examined. The Flügge's shell dynamical equations are utilized for governing vibrations for carbon nanotubes. The wave propagation approach (WPA) is engaged to determine vibration frequency equation in standard eigenvalue form. The axial modal dependence is measured by the complex exponential functions implicating the axial modal numbers. These numbers are associated with boundary conditions specified at edges of a carbon nanotube. Computer programming is performed to obtain solutions of vibration frequency equation. In our new investigation, the vibration frequency spectra are obtained and analyzed for various physical parameters e.g., length and thickness-to-radius ratio. A number of results are presented to influence of different boundary conditions on SWCNTs. They are shown graphically and have been compared with those available in the literature.

In this paper, vibration characteristics of rotating functionally graded cylindrical shell resting on Winkler and Pasternak elastic foundations have been investigated. These shells are fabricated from functionally graded materials. Shell dynamical equations are derived by using the Hamilton variational principle and the Langrangian functional framed from the shell strain and kinetic energy expressions. Elastic foundations, namely Winkler and Pasternak moduli are inducted in the tangential direction of the shell. The rotational motions of the shells are due to the Coriolis and centrifugal acceleration as well as the hoop tension produced in the rotating case. The wave propagation approach in standard eigenvalue form has been employed in order to derive the characteristic frequency equation describing the natural frequencies of vibration in rotating functionally graded cylindrical shell. The complex exponential functions, with the axial modal numbers that depend on the boundary conditions stated at edges of a cylindrical shell, have been used to compute the axial modal dependence. In our new investigation, frequency spectra are obtained for circumferential wave number, length-to-radius ratio, height-to-radius ratio with simply supported–simply supported and clamped–clamped boundary conditions without elastic foundation. Also, the effect of elastic foundation on the rotating cylindrical shells is examined with the simply supported–simply supported edge. To check the validity of the present method, the fundamental natural frequencies of non-rotating isotropic and functionally graded cylindrical shells are compared with the open literature. Also, a comparison is made for infinitely long rotating with the earlier published paper.

Fundamental natural frequencies of rotating functionally graded cylindrical shells have been calculated through the improved wave propagation approach using three different volume fraction laws. The governing shell equations are obtained from Love’s shell approximations using improved rotating terms and the new equations are obtained in standard eigenvalue problem with wave propagation approach and volume fraction laws. The effects of circumferential wave number, rotating speed, length-to-radius, and thickness-to-radius ratios have been computed with various combinations of axial wave numbers and volume fraction law exponent on the fundamental natural frequencies of nonrotating and rotating functionally graded cylindrical shells using wave propagation approach and volume fraction laws with simply supported edge. In this work, variation of material properties of functionally graded materials is controlled by three volume fraction laws. This process creates a variation in the results of shell frequency. MATLAB programming has been used to determine shell frequencies for traveling mode (backward and forward) rotating motions. New estimations show that the rotating forward and backward simply supported fundamental natural frequencies increases with an increase in circumferential wave number, for Type I and Type II of functionally graded cylindrical shells. The presented results of backward and forward simply supported fundamental natural frequencies corresponding to Law I are higher than Laws II and III for Type I and reverse effects are found for Type II, depending on rotating speed. Our investigations show that the decreasing and increasing behaviors are noted for rotating simply supported fundamental natural frequencies with increasing length-to-radius and thickness-to-radius ratios, respectively. It is found that the fundamental frequencies of the forward waves decrease with the increase in the rotating speed, and the fundamental frequencies of the backward waves increase with the increase in the rotating speed. This investigation has been made with three different volume fraction laws of polynomial (Law I), exponential (Law II), and trigonometric (Law III). The presented numerical results of nonrotating isotropic and rotating functionally graded simply supported are in fair agreement with parts of other earlier numerical results.